Abstract
Bacterial endophytes are well-acknowledged inoculants to promote plant growth and enhance their resistance toward various pathogens and environmental stresses. In the present study, 71 endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus were screened for their plant growth promotion (PGP), and the applicability of potent strains as bioinoculant has been evaluated. Regarding PGP traits, the percentage of strains were positive for the siderophore production (84%), auxin synthesis (69%), diazotrophs (76%), phosphate solubilization (79%), and production of lytic enzymes (i.e., cellulase (64%), lipase (62%), protease (61%), chitinase (34%), and displayed antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae (74%) in vitro. The inoculation of strain XIEG05 and XIEG12 enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress significantly (p < 0.05) through the promotion of shoot, root development, and reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), compared with uninoculated controls in vivo. Furthermore, inoculation of strain XIEG57 was capable of reducing cotton disease incidence (DI) symptoms caused by V. dahliae at all tested salt concentrations. The GC-MS analysis showed that many compounds are known to have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Our findings provide valuable information for applying strains XIEG05 and XIEG12 as bioinoculant fertilizers and biological control agent of cotton under saline soil conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 84% produced siderophores.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore productione0
- Value
- 84%e0
Verbatim
e0“siderophore production (84%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 69% synthesized auxin.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- auxin synthesise0
- Value
- 69%e0
Verbatim
e0“auxin synthesis (69%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 76% were diazotrophs.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- diazotrophse0
- Value
- 76%e0
Verbatim
e0“diazotrophs (76%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 79% solubilized phosphate.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilizatione0
- Value
- 79%e0
Verbatim
e0“phosphate solubilization (79%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 64% produced cellulase.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- cellulasee0
- Value
- 64%e0
Verbatim
e0“cellulase (64%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 62% produced lipase.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- lipasee0
- Value
- 62%e0
Verbatim
e0“lipase (62%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 61% produced protease.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- proteasee0
- Value
- 61%e0
Verbatim
e0“protease (61%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 34% produced chitinase.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- endophytic strainst1symbiont
- Outcome
- chitinasee0
- Value
- 34%e0
Verbatim
e0“chitinase (34%)”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among endophytic strains, 74% antagonized Verticillium dahliae in vitro.
- Taxon
- Thymus roseusThymus roseust0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- endophytic strainst1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliaee0
- Value
- 74%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“displayed antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae (74%) in vitro”
t0“Thymus roseus”
t1“endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus”
Claim · model-written summary
XIEG05 inoculation significantly enhanced salt tolerance and shoot and root development.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- inoculation of strain XIEG05e0
- Interactor
- strain XIEG05e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to salt stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of strain XIEG05 and XIEG12 enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress significantly (p < 0.05) through the promotion of shoot, root development”
t0“Cotton”
t1“compared with uninoculated controls in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
XIEG12 inoculation significantly enhanced salt tolerance and shoot and root development.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- XIEG12e0
- Interactor
- XIEG12e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to salt stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of strain XIEG05 and XIEG12 enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress significantly (p < 0.05) through the promotion of shoot, root development”
t0“Cotton”
t1“compared with uninoculated controls in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
XIEG05 inoculation reduced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- strain XIEG05t1
- Interactor
- strain XIEG05t1symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), compared with uninoculated controls in vivo”
t0“Cotton”
t1“inoculation of strain XIEG05”
Claim · model-written summary
XIEG12 inoculation reduced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- XIEG12t1
- Interactor
- XIEG12t1symbiont
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), compared with uninoculated controls in vivo”
t0“Cotton”
t1“inoculation of strain XIEG05 and XIEG12”
Claim · model-written summary
XIEG57 inoculation reduced cotton disease incidence caused by V. dahliae at all tested salt concentrations.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculation of strain XIEG57e0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- strain XIEG57e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cotton disease incidence (DI) symptoms caused by V. dahliaee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- at all tested salt concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of strain XIEG57 was capable of reducing cotton disease incidence (DI) symptoms caused by V. dahliae at all tested salt concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
GC-MS detected many compounds described as antimicrobial and antifungal.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- many compounds are known to have antimicrobial and antifungal activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GC-MS analysis showed that many compounds are known to have antimicrobial and antifungal activity.”
t0“Cotton”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Verticillium dahliae · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
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See all 7 papers →inoculation · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
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See all 42 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.