Abstract
Thermal infrared imaging technology was used to understand the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi, both separately and together, on plant growth and physiological status, and to screen and develop efficient microbial agents in a pot experiment design. Eight treatments comprised the control (CK), AMF inoculation alone, DSE fungal treatments (DSE20%, DSE40% and DSE80%; 2, 4, 8 × 105 CFU mL−1) and combined inoculation treatments (DSE20% + AMF, DSE40% + AMF, and DSE80% + AMF). Canopy temperature (Tcanopy) and stomatal conductance (gs) were monitored at different growth stages, and plant biomass-related indicators were obtained at harvest. These indicators were used to assess plant growth and the physiological status resulting from the different inoculation treatments. During plant growth, the plant Tcanopy decreased following inoculation. Differences in Tcanopy between control and inoculated plants were detected by thermal infrared imaging technology and were −3.8 to + 9.3 °C (control–inoculation treatment). Growth index and Tcanopy monitoring indicate that the growth-promoting effect of combined inoculation was higher than that of either fungal type alone, with DSE80% + AMF producing the highest growth promotion. During the growth process of inoculated maize, the effect of inoculated AMF on the physiological condition of maize growth can be better monitored by thermal infrared at 10 a.m., 12 p.m., 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. on the 31st–57th days of the growth period. The method and results of this experiment are conducive to the rapid and efficient monitoring of the effects of microorganisms on plant growth and physiological status and can be applied to the screening, application, and promotion of microbial agents.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy temperature of maize decreased following inoculation with the fungi during plant growth.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus on Maize Growth and Physiology”
e1“During plant growth, the plant Tcanopy decreased following inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy temperature differences between control and inoculated maize ranged from −3.8 to + 9.3 °C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus on Maize Growth and Physiology”
e1“Differences in Tcanopy between control and inoculated plants were detected by thermal infrared imaging technology and were −3.8 to + 9.3 °C (control–inoculation treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and DSE inoculation gave a higher growth-promoting effect in maize than either fungal type alone.
- Treatment
- combined inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungust0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Dark Septate Endophytic Fungust0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth-promoting effecte1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- either fungal type alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus on Maize Growth and Physiology”
e1“Growth index and Tcanopy monitoring indicate that the growth-promoting effect of combined inoculation was higher than that of either fungal type alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The DSE80% + AMF combination gave the highest growth promotion in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus on Maize Growth and Physiology”
e1“with DSE80% + AMF producing the highest growth promotion”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermal infrared monitoring at 10 a.m., 12 p.m., 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. on days 31 to 57 can detect the effect of inoculated AMF on maize physiological condition.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus on Maize Growth and Physiology”
e1“the effect of inoculated AMF on the physiological condition of maize growth can be better monitored by thermal infrared at 10 a.m., 12 p.m., 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. on the 31st–57th days of the growth period”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest thermal infrared imaging is a rapid and efficient way to monitor effects of microorganisms on maize.
- Outcome
- rapid and efficient monitoring of the effects of microorganisms on plant growth and physiological statuse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Dark Septate Endophytic Fungus on Maize Growth and Physiology”
e1“The method and results of this experiment are conducive to the rapid and efficient monitoring of the effects of microorganisms on plant growth and physiological status”
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