Abstract
Abstract Background Artificial agriculture is promoted as an economically viable technology for developing plants under controlled conditions whereby light, water, and fertilizer intake are regulated in a controlled manner to produce maximum productivity with minimal resources. Artificial light has been used to produce high-quality vegetables because it can regulate plant growth and phytochemical production through light intensity, photoperiod, and spectrum modulation. This study aimed to compare the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa var. chinensis ) grown under artificial light with varying light intensities (75 and 150 µmol m −2 s −1 ), photoperiods (12:12 and 6:6:6:6 h), and wavelengths (blue, red, and magenta) to plants grown in a glasshouse under natural light. The novelty of this study lies in the manipulation of artificial LED lighting to achieve high-quality plant growth and phytochemical composition in B. rapa model vegetables for potential optimal productivity. Results The analysis revealed that B. rapa grown under artificial lights produced more consistent biomass yield and had a higher chlorophyll content than B. rapa grown under natural light (control). Plants grown under artificial lights have also been shown to produce biochemical compositions derived primarily from fatty acids, whereas plants grown under natural light have a biochemical composition derived primarily from alkanes. Twenty compounds were found to be statistically different between light treatments out of a total of 31 compounds detected, indicating that they were synthesized in response to specific light conditions. Exposure to the full artificial light spectrum (white) resulted in the absence of compounds such as dodecane and 2,6,10-trimethyltridecane, which were present in B. rapa grown in natural light, whereas exposure to the blue spectrum specifically induced the production of tetracosane. Eicosane, neophytadiene, l -(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid were all prevalent compounds produced in B. rapa regardless of light conditions, and their absence may thus affect plant development and survival. Conclusions The results show that cultivation under artificial light produced consistent biomass, high chlorophyll content, and phytochemical content comparable to natural light conditions (control). These findings shed light on how artificial light could improve the production efficiency and organoleptic qualities of Chinese cabbage. Graphical Abstract
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial light produced more consistent biomass yield than natural light.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0 - Treatment
- artificial lightse0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- more consistente0
- Comparator
- natural light (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. rapa grown under artificial lights produced more consistent biomass yield and had a higher chlorophyll content than B. rapa grown under natural light (control).”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial light increased chlorophyll content relative to natural light.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- artificial lightse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- natural light (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. rapa grown under artificial lights produced more consistent biomass yield and had a higher chlorophyll content than B. rapa grown under natural light (control).”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial light produced biochemical compositions primarily derived from fatty acids.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- artificial lightse0
- Outcome
- biochemical compositions derived primarily from fatty acidse0
- Comparator
- natural lighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown under artificial lights have also been shown to produce biochemical compositions derived primarily from fatty acids, whereas plants grown under natural light have a biochemical composition derived primarily from alkanes.”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural light produced biochemical compositions primarily derived from alkanes.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Outcome
- biochemical composition derived primarily from alkanese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown under natural light have a biochemical composition derived primarily from alkanes.”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty of 31 detected compounds differed statistically between light treatments.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Outcome
- compounds were found to be statistically differente0
- Value
- Twenty compoundse0
- Qualifier
- 31 compounds detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twenty compounds were found to be statistically different between light treatments out of a total of 31 compounds detected”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
White artificial light was associated with absence of dodecane and 2,6,10-trimethyltridecane found under natural light.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- full artificial light spectrum (white)e0
- Outcome
- absence of compounds such as dodecane and 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanee0
- Comparator
- natural lighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to the full artificial light spectrum (white) resulted in the absence of compounds such as dodecane and 2,6,10-trimethyltridecane, which were present in B. rapa grown in natural light”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light induced tetracosane production.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- blue spectrume0
- Outcome
- production of tetracosanee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to the blue spectrum specifically induced the production of tetracosane.”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Eicosane, neophytadiene and l -(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate were prevalent regardless of light.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Outcome
- Eicosane, neophytadiene, l -(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eicosane, neophytadiene, l -(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid were all prevalent compounds produced in B. rapa regardless of light conditions”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid was prevalent regardless of light.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Outcome
- (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid were all prevalent compounds produced in B. rapa regardless of light conditions”
t0“Chinese cabbage”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.