Abstract
In this investigation, the combinations of exogenous pretreatment (melatonin or vitamin C) and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying were utilized to dry broccoli florets. To understand the influences of the studied dehydration methods on the conversion of glucoraphanin to bioactive sulforaphane in broccoli, various components (like glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, myrosinase, etc.) and factors (temperature and moisture) involved in the metabolism pathway were analyzed. The results showed that compared with direct air drying, the sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound drying shortened the drying time by 19.0-22.7%. Meanwhile, contact sonication could promote the degradation of glucoraphanin. Both melatonin pretreatment and vitamin C pretreatment showed protective effects on the sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during the subsequent drying process. At the end of drying, the sulforaphane content in samples dehydrated by the sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified drying was 14.4% (or 26.5%) higher than only air-dried samples. The correlation analysis revealed that the exogenous pretreatment or ultrasound could affect the enzymatic degradation of glucoraphanin and the generation of sulforaphane through weakening the connections of sulforaphane-myrosinase, sulforaphane-VC, and VC-myrosinase. Overall, the reported results can enrich the biochemistry knowledge about the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables during drying, and the combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound drying is conducive to protect bioactive sulforaphane in dehydrated broccoli.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound drying shortened drying time by 19.0-22.7% relative to direct air drying.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound dryinge0
- Outcome
- drying timee0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 19.0-22.7%e0
- Comparator
- direct air dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with direct air drying, the sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound drying shortened the drying time by 19.0-22.7%.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Contact sonication promoted glucoraphanin degradation.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- contact sonicatione0
- Outcome
- degradation of glucoraphanine0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contact sonication could promote the degradation of glucoraphanin.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin pretreatment protected sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during drying.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- melatonin pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- sulforaphane content and myrosinase activitye0
- Direction
- protective effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both melatonin pretreatment and vitamin C pretreatment showed protective effects on the sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during the subsequent drying process.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C pretreatment protected sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during drying.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- vitamin C pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- sulforaphane content and myrosinase activitye0
- Direction
- protective effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both melatonin pretreatment and vitamin C pretreatment showed protective effects on the sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during the subsequent drying process.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin pretreatment with ultrasound drying produced 14.4% higher final sulforaphane content than air drying alone.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified dryinge0
- Outcome
- sulforaphane contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.4%e0
- Comparator
- only air-dried samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of drying, the sulforaphane content in samples dehydrated by the sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified drying was 14.4% (or 26.5%) higher than only air-dried samples.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C pretreatment with ultrasound drying produced 26.5% higher final sulforaphane content than air drying alone.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- vitamin Ce0
- Outcome
- sulforaphane contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26.5%e0
- Comparator
- only air-dried samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of drying, the sulforaphane content in samples dehydrated by the sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified drying was 14.4% (or 26.5%) higher than only air-dried samples.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment or ultrasound may affect glucoraphanin degradation and sulforaphane generation by weakening three metabolite-enzyme connections.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- enzymatic degradation of glucoraphanin and the generation of sulforaphanee0
- Qualifier
- weakening the connections of sulforaphane-myrosinase, sulforaphane-VC, and VC-myrosinasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation analysis revealed that the exogenous pretreatment or ultrasound could affect the enzymatic degradation of glucoraphanin and the generation of sulforaphane through weakening the connections of sulforaphane-myrosinase, sulforaphane-VC, and VC-myrosinase.”
t0“broccoli florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound drying is recommended to protect sulforaphane in dehydrated broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound drying is conducive to protect bioactive sulforaphane in dehydrated broccoli.”
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