Abstract
The nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been widely used in remediation of environmental pollutants from the aqueous as well as soil media. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of nZVI as a soil amendment in amelioration of chromium (Cr) toxicity in tomato seedlings. Three weeks exposure with low (10 mg kg-1) and high (100 mg kg-1) Cr(VI) was given to tomato seedlings grown in soil medium supplemented with or without 500 mg kg-1 nZVI in corresponding soils. The Cr exposure greatly reduced the biomass with high Cr(VI) lowering the plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass by 34, 24, 33 and 49%, respectively. However, nZVI significantly restored the growth retardation by increasing these parameters by 17, 14, 19 and 33%, respectively. The nZVI also lowered the Cr-induced MDA content, improved membrane stability index and increased relative water contents. The nZVI was also effective in improving the chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids contents. The antioxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX) were slightly increased by Cr stress. The nZVI application together with Cr stressed soil further enhanced these enzyme activities. Application of nZVI further lowered the significant amount of Cr(VI) in shoots and roots tissues. The nZVI-induced tissue Cr concentration was lowered by 35% in shoots in case of low Cr exposure and 29% in roots by high Cr treatments. The amelioration of Cr-induced toxicity in tomato seedlings by nZVI application in soil seems to be the result of suppression of Cr uptake and enhancement in antioxidant enzyme system.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
High Cr(VI) exposure reduced tomato plant height by 34%.
- Taxon
- Tomato Seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- high Cr(VI)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Value
- 34e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high Cr(VI) lowering the plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass by 34, 24, 33 and 49%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High Cr(VI) exposure reduced tomato root length by 24%.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high Cr(VI)e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Value
- 24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high Cr(VI) lowering the plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass by 34, 24, 33 and 49%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High Cr(VI) exposure reduced tomato shoot biomass by 33%.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- high Cr(VI)e0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Value
- 33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high Cr(VI) lowering the plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass by 34, 24, 33 and 49%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High Cr(VI) exposure reduced tomato root biomass by 49%.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high Cr(VI)e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Value
- 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high Cr(VI) lowering the plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass by 34, 24, 33 and 49%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI restored tomato plant height by 17% under chromium stress.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nZVI significantly restored the growth retardation by increasing these parameters by 17, 14, 19 and 33%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI restored tomato root length by 14% under chromium stress.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nZVI significantly restored the growth retardation by increasing these parameters by 17, 14, 19 and 33%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI restored tomato shoot biomass by 19% under chromium stress.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nZVI significantly restored the growth retardation by increasing these parameters by 17, 14, 19 and 33%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI restored tomato root biomass by 33% under chromium stress.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- root biomasse1
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nZVI significantly restored the growth retardation by increasing these parameters by 17, 14, 19 and 33%, respectively”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI lowered chromium-induced MDA content in tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- Cr-induced MDA contente0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI also lowered the Cr-induced MDA content, improved membrane stability index and increased relative water contents.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI improved membrane stability index in chromium-stressed tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI also lowered the Cr-induced MDA content, improved membrane stability index and increased relative water contents.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI increased relative water contents in chromium-stressed tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- relative water contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI also lowered the Cr-induced MDA content, improved membrane stability index and increased relative water contents.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI improved chlorophyll pigment and carotenoid contents in tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids contentse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI was also effective in improving the chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids contents.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium stress slightly increased SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities in tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Cr stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX)e0
- Direction
- slightly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX) were slightly increased by Cr stress.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI further enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in chromium-stressed tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVI application together with Cr stressed soile0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX)e1
- Direction
- further enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI application together with Cr stressed soil further enhanced these enzyme activities.”
e1“The antioxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX)”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI lowered Cr(VI) in tomato shoots.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- Cr(VI) in shootse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nZVI further lowered the significant amount of Cr(VI) in shoots and roots tissues.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI lowered Cr(VI) in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots tissuese0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- Cr(VI) in shoots and roots tissuese0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nZVI further lowered the significant amount of Cr(VI) in shoots and roots tissues.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI reduced shoot chromium concentration by 35% under low chromium exposure.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- tissue Cr concentratione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Qualifier
- low Cr exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI-induced tissue Cr concentration was lowered by 35% in shoots in case of low Cr exposure and 29% in roots by high Cr treatments.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
nZVI reduced root chromium concentration by 29% under high chromium treatment.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- nZVIe0
- Outcome
- tissue Cr concentratione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Qualifier
- high Cr treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nZVI-induced tissue Cr concentration was lowered by 35% in shoots in case of low Cr exposure and 29% in roots by high Cr treatments.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute nZVI alleviation of chromium toxicity to suppressed chromium uptake and enhanced antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- nZVI application in soile0
- Outcome
- amelioration of Cr-induced toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- suppression of Cr uptake and enhancement in antioxidant enzyme systeme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amelioration of Cr-induced toxicity in tomato seedlings by nZVI application in soil seems to be the result of suppression of Cr uptake and enhancement in antioxidant enzyme system.”
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See all 32 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.