Abstract
1. Experiments were designed in 1943 to measure the effects of high concentrations of manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, or iron in the nutrient medium on the vitamin content of turnip greens and tomatoes grown in sand cultures. Growth data as well as results of selected mineral analyses are presented, and nutritive values in terms of thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid content are considered. 2. As the iron concentration in the nutrient medium was increased to 147 p.p.m., no significant effects on the growth of either turnips or tomatoes were evident. Both plants, however, absorbed and accumulated more iron than the controls as a result of treatment, but no significant differences in vitamin content were observed. 3. As the concentration of copper, manganese, boron, zinc, or molybdenum was increased in the nutrient medium, the growth of both turnips and tomatoes was significantly retarded. Definite and specific toxicity symptoms developed, and, invariably, as the supply of any of the micro-nutrient elements used was increased, a greater concentration of that element was found in the vegetative plant parts. 4. Certain significant changes in vitamin content were striking. For instance, as the boron supply to turnip plants was increased, a 60% increase in both niacin and thiamine concentration in leaves occurred. Ascorbic acid values, however, were 20% less. A 35% increase in both niacin and riboflavin values was associated with increased manganese supply. In this instance, ascorbic acid values were 25% less. In tomatoes a 60% increase in ascorbic acid content of the fruit was associated with relatively high copper concentrations in the nutrient solution. Ascorbic acid values were significantly less than in control fruits, however, as the concentration of boron, manganese, or molybdenum was increased in the nutrient. 5. Some practical as well as theoretical connotations of these results are discussed. The reports that manganese fertilization of the soil results in high ascorbic acid values are considered in relation to these results which indicate that manganese supply to the plant has little influence on ascorbic acid content.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Higher iron concentration had no significant growth effect on turnips.
- Taxon
- turnips
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapae0 - Treatment
- iron concentration in the nutrient medium was increased to 147 p.p.m.e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As the iron concentration in the nutrient medium was increased to 147 p.p.m., no significant effects on the growth of either turnips or tomatoes were evident”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher iron concentration had no significant growth effect on tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- iron concentration in the nutrient medium was increased to 147 p.p.m.e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the iron concentration in the nutrient medium was increased to 147 p.p.m., no significant effects on the growth of either turnips or tomatoes were evident”
Claim · model-written summary
Turnips accumulated more iron than controls under increased iron supply.
- Taxon
- TurnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapat0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- absorbed and accumulated more irone0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both plants, however, absorbed and accumulated more iron than the controls as a result of treatment”
t0“Turnips”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomatoes accumulated more iron than controls under increased iron supply.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- absorbed and accumulated more irone0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both plants, however, absorbed and accumulated more iron than the controls as a result of treatment”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron treatment caused no significant vitamin-content difference.
- Taxon
- Turnips and TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumBrassica rapa subsp. rapat0
- Outcome
- vitamin contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences in vitamin content were observed”
t0“Turnips and Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased copper, manganese, boron, zinc or molybdenum retarded turnip growth.
- Taxon
- turnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Treatment
- copper, manganese, boron, zinc, or molybdenume0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the concentration of copper, manganese, boron, zinc, or molybdenum was increased in the nutrient medium, the growth of both turnips and tomatoes was significantly retarded”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased copper, manganese, boron, zinc or molybdenum retarded tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- copper, manganese, boron, zinc, or molybdenume0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the concentration of copper, manganese, boron, zinc, or molybdenum was increased in the nutrient medium, the growth of both turnips and tomatoes was significantly retarded”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased micronutrient supply produced specific toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- Turnips and TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumBrassica rapa subsp. rapat0
- Outcome
- toxicity symptomse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Definite and specific toxicity symptoms developed”
t0“Turnips and Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater micronutrient supply increased its concentration in vegetative plant parts.
- Taxon
- Turnips and TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumBrassica rapa subsp. rapat0
- Treatment
- supply of any of the micro-nutrient elements usede0
- Outcome
- concentration of that element was found in the vegetative plant partse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the supply of any of the micro-nutrient elements used was increased, a greater concentration of that element was found in the vegetative plant parts”
t0“Turnips and Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher boron increased turnip-leaf niacin and thiamine concentrations by 60%.
- Taxon
- turnip plantsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae0
- Treatment
- boron supplye0
- Outcome
- niacin and thiamine concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the boron supply to turnip plants was increased, a 60% increase in both niacin and thiamine concentration in leaves occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher boron reduced turnip ascorbic acid values by 20%.
- Taxon
- turnip plantsBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Outcome
- Ascorbic acid valuese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid values, however, were 20% less”
e1“turnip plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased manganese was associated with 35% higher niacin and riboflavin values.
- Taxon
- TurnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapat0
- Treatment
- increased manganese supplye0
- Outcome
- niacin and riboflavin valuese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 35%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 35% increase in both niacin and riboflavin values was associated with increased manganese supply”
t0“Turnips”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased manganese was associated with 25% lower ascorbic acid values.
- Taxon
- TurnipsBrassica rapa subsp. rapat0
- Treatment
- increased manganese supplye1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid valuese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this instance, ascorbic acid values were 25% less”
t0“Turnips”
e1“increased manganese supply”
Claim · model-written summary
High copper was associated with 60% higher ascorbic acid content in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- relatively high copper concentrations in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid content of the fruite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomatoes a 60% increase in ascorbic acid content of the fruit was associated with relatively high copper concentrations in the nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased boron, manganese or molybdenum lowered tomato fruit ascorbic acid relative to controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- boron, manganese, or molybdenume0
- Outcome
- Ascorbic acid valuese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid values were significantly less than in control fruits, however, as the concentration of boron, manganese, or molybdenum was increased in the nutrient”
t0“Tomatoes”
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2 in the opposite direction
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micronutrient · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.