Paper · 2022 · Insects

Compatibility of Insecticides with Rice Resistance to Planthoppers as Influenced by the Timing and Frequency of Applications

Finbarr G. Horgan; Ainara Peñalver-Cruz

10
claims
19
verbatim quotes
11
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

(Stål)(BPH) is a pest of rice in Asia. We examined the effects of seven insecticides combined with host resistance against BPH. In a screenhouse environment, we treated BPH-infested and non-infested resistant (IR62) and susceptible (IR64) rice with buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap hydrochloride, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, or thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole. In one experiment, plants received one, two or three applications. In a second experiment, plants received one early or late insecticide application. Carbofuran and fipronil reduced planthopper biomass densities but resistance did not contribute to these effects (i.e., resistance was redundant). Single applications of cartap hydrochloride (at 20 or 50 days after sowing (DAS)), cypermethrin (20 DAS), or buprofezin (50 DAS) reduced BPH biomass densities on IR62 (i.e., synergies); other insecticides and application times, and multiple applications of all insecticides did not reduce BPH biomass densities on IR62 more than on IR64 (i.e., either resistance or insecticides were redundant). Deltamethrin (three applications) was antagonistic to resistance, but host resistance tended to buffer against the negative effects of single deltamethrin applications. Yields of infested IR62 were not statistically improved by insecticide applications. Late applications reduced yields of non-infested rice. We discuss how prophylactic insecticide applications could destabilize BPH populations and reduce the productivity and profitability of resistant rice.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Carbofuran reduced planthopper biomass density without an added resistance effect.

Treatment
Carbofurane0
Interactor
planthoppere0pest
Outcome
planthopper biomass densitiese0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Carbofuran and fipronil reduced planthopper biomass densities but resistance did not contribute to these effects”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–634 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fipronil reduced planthopper biomass density without an added resistance effect.

Treatment
fipronile0
Interactor
planthoppere0pest
Outcome
planthopper biomass densitiese0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Carbofuran and fipronil reduced planthopper biomass densities but resistance did not contribute to these effects”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–634 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A single cartap hydrochloride application reduced BPH biomass on resistant IR62 relative to susceptible IR64.

Material
IR62e0
Treatment
cartap hydrochloride (at 20 or 50 days after sowing (DAS))e0
Interactor
BPHe0pest
Outcome
BPH biomass densitiese0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Single applications of cartap hydrochloride (at 20 or 50 days after sowing (DAS)), cypermethrin (20 DAS), or buprofezin (50 DAS) reduced BPH biomass densities on IR62”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 669–835 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A single cypermethrin application reduced BPH biomass on IR62.

Material
IR62e0
Treatment
cypermethrin (20 DAS)e0
Interactor
BPHe0pest
Outcome
BPH biomass densitiese0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“cypermethrin (20 DAS), or buprofezin (50 DAS) reduced BPH biomass densities on IR62”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–835 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A single buprofezin application reduced BPH biomass on IR62.

Material
IR62e0
Treatment
buprofezin (50 DAS)e0
Interactor
BPHe0pest
Outcome
BPH biomass densitiese0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“buprofezin (50 DAS) reduced BPH biomass densities on IR62”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 778–835 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Other insecticide timings and multiple applications did not reduce BPH biomass more on IR62 than IR64.

Material
IR62e0
Treatment
multiple applications of all insecticidese0
Interactor
BPHe0pest
Outcome
BPH biomass densitiese0
Direction
did not reducee0
Comparator
IR64e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“other insecticides and application times, and multiple applications of all insecticides did not reduce BPH biomass densities on IR62 more than on IR64”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 855–1005 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Three deltamethrin applications antagonized resistance.

Treatment
Deltamethrin (three applications)e0
Outcome
antagonistic to resistancee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Deltamethrin (three applications) was antagonistic to resistance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1064–1128 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Resistance tended to buffer adverse effects of single deltamethrin applications.

Treatment
single deltamethrin applicationse0
Outcome
negative effectse0
Direction
buffere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“host resistance tended to buffer against the negative effects of single deltamethrin applications”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1134–1231 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Insecticides did not significantly improve yields of infested IR62.

Material
IR62e0
Treatment
insecticide applicationse0
Outcome
Yieldse0
Direction
not statistically improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Yields of infested IR62 were not statistically improved by insecticide applications”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1233–1316 · show in text ↑
t0

“rice”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–39 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Late insecticide applications reduced non-infested rice yields.

Treatment
Late applicationse0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Late applications reduced yields of non-infested rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1318–1371 · show in text ↑

fipronil · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

4 papers: 2 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

hydrochloride · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

deltamethrin · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 1 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

carbofuran · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

insecticide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

60 papers: 50 positive, 10 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 50 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

56 papers more in this group

See all 60 papers →

insecticide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 1 positive, 4 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.