Abstract
High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TRlim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature stress significantly affected all lentil parameters compared with normal conditions.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- high-temperature stresse1
- Outcome
- all parameterse1
- Comparator
- normal conditionse1
- Setting
- field experimente1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e1“The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal conditions, lentil grain protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- protein contente2
- Value
- 23.4 to 31.9%e2
- Setting
- normal conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e2“The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal conditions, lentil grain zinc content ranged from 33.1 to 64.4.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- grain zinc and iron contente2
- Value
- 33.1 to 64.4e2
- Qualifier
- zince2
- Setting
- normal conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e2“The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal conditions, lentil grain iron content ranged from 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- grain zinc and iron contente2
- Value
- 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1e2
- Qualifier
- irone2
- Setting
- normal conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e2“The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature stress decreased lentil grain protein content by 15 percent compared with normal conditions.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- high-temperature stresse3
- Outcome
- grain protein contente3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 15e3
- Comparator
- normal conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e2“The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions”
e3“The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature stress decreased lentil zinc content by 14 percent compared with normal conditions.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- high-temperature stresse3
- Outcome
- zince3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 14e3
- Comparator
- normal conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e2“The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions”
e3“The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature stress decreased lentil iron content by 15 percent compared with normal conditions.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- high-temperature stresse3
- Outcome
- irone3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 15e3
- Comparator
- normal conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e2“The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions”
e3“The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined temperature-drought stress reduced lentil grain protein content by 53%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined temperature-drought stresse4
- Outcome
- protein contente4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 53%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e4“the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined temperature-drought stress reduced lentil grain zinc content by 18%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined temperature-drought stresse4
- Outcome
- zince4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 18%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e4“the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined temperature-drought stress reduced lentil grain iron content by 20%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined temperature-drought stresse4
- Outcome
- irone4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 20%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e4“the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature stress declined lentil grain yield by 43%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- temperature stresse5
- Outcome
- Grain yielde5
- Direction
- declinede5
- Value
- 43%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e5“Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined temperature-drought stress declined lentil grain yield by 49%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined temperature-drought stresse5
- Outcome
- Grain yielde5
- Direction
- declinede5
- Value
- 49%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e5“Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil genotypes showed a wide variation in transpiration response (TR) under controlled conditions.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- variation in TRe6
- Qualifier
- among studied lentil genotypese6
- Setting
- controlled conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e6“The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine lentil genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- TRlime7
- Value
- 2.76 to 3.51 kPae7
- Qualifier
- Nine genotypese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e7“Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibited the lowest TRlim breakpoint.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- ILL 7833 and ILL 7835e7
- Outcome
- breakpointe7
- Direction
- loweste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e7“Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil genotypes with low breakpoints conserve water, which is used at later stages for increased yield.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- Genotypes with low breakpointse7
- Outcome
- increased yielde7
- Qualifier
- had the ability to conserve watere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e7“Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil genotypes ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Material
- ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria)e7
- Treatment
- high-temperature and drought stresse7
- Outcome
- breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e7“Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields in field water-deficit environments.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- select for increased lentil yieldse7
- Setting
- field water-deficit environmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions”
e7“it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments”
The same questions in other papers
heat · nutrient: content · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
heat · quality: protein · Lens culinaris (lentil)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.