Abstract
Enhancing the food production for the growing world population has needed application of highly sustainable and efficient inputs to produce more food per unit of land. Hence, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu has produced Water soluble fertilizers (WSF) in its maiden attempt and it is necessary to optimize on different crops. Small onion is one of the most important vegetables in the Indian diet and it has high demand but low productivity. To enhance crop productivity and quality of small onions, the application of TNAU-WSF was taken up. A field experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design (RBD) incorporating 8 treatments comprising of application of RDF at100% NPK as TNAU WSF, soil test based application of 75%, 100%, 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with soil application of sulphur (S) and foliar spray of TNAU Liquid multi micronutrient (LMM) and without S and TNAU LMM and absolute control. Each treatment was replicated thrice with onion (CO 4). Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1). However, soil test based application of 100% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF was found to be an ideal rate to attain the economic target yield of the onion crop.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher plant height (54.01 cm).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)
Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0 - Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 54.01 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher number of leaves per bulb (8.56).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per bulbe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.56e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- leaf greennesse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 67.5 SPADe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher root length (5.42 cm).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.42 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- polar bulb diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.38 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- equatorial bulb diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.72 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher fresh bulb weight (74.21 g).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- fresh bulb weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 74.21 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher bulb yield (1751 t ha-1).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1751 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.78 °Brixe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15.34 mg 100 g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM produced significantly higher pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).
- Taxon
- small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- CO 4e1
- Treatment
- Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMMe0
- Outcome
- pyruvic acid contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.27 µmol g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1).”
t0“small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.)”
e1“onion (CO 4)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 100% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF as an ideal rate for economic target yield.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- soil test based application of 100% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSFe0
- Outcome
- ideal rate to attain the economic target yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil test based application of 100% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF was found to be an ideal rate to attain the economic target yield of the onion crop”
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See all 530 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.