Effect of organic fortified zinc on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) in typic chromustert

Abstract

Zinc is a crucial micronutrient for crop growth and enzymatic regulations. The present study was formulated to reveal the effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village, Kalligudi block, Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. A total of eight treatments with three replications were designed to grow in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments consisted of recommend dose fertilizers (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + various sources organics applied such as vermicompost (1:5), poultry manure (1:5), biochar (1:5), FYM (1:10) incubated with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University micronutrient mixture enriched with FYM (1:10) for 30 days. Among the treatments, application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other. The lowest yield parameters were spotted in absolute control. A considerable increase in yield (25 %) was detected when the crop was supplemented with organically fortified Zinc than the commercial ZnSO4. The study concluded that the application of biofortified Zn will deliver higher growth and yield in green gram.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum plant height (64 cm) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: plant heighte1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 64 cme1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna radiata var. radiata* · Taxon · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum leaf area index (LAI) (3.11) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: leaf area index (LAI)e1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 3.11e1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: dry matter productione1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 16.33 g plant-1e1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum pods plant-1 (28.46) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: pods plant-1e1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 28.46e1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum grains pod-1 (13.5) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: grains pod-1e1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 13.5e1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum test weight (3.48 g) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: test weighte1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 3.48 ge1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum seed yield (950 kg ha-1) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: seed yielde1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 950 kg ha-1e1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The RDF plus ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment recorded the maximum haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1
Outcome: haulm yielde1
Direction: maximume1
Value: 1520 kg ha-1e1
Setting: Vellakulam villagee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar and TNAU MNM gave results on par with the ZnSO4 with vermicompost treatment.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: biochar and TNAU MNMe1
Outcome: resultse1
Direction: on pare1
Comparator: soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 762–1195 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The absolute control gave the lowest yield parameters of green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: absolute controle2
Outcome: yield parameterse2
Direction: loweste2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e2
“The lowest yield parameters were spotted in absolute control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1197–1257 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Organically fortified zinc increased green gram yield by 25 % compared with commercial ZnSO4.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: organically fortified Zince3
Outcome: yielde3
Direction: increasee3
Value: 25 %e3
Comparator: commercial ZnSO4e3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 122–250 · show in text ↑

e3
“A considerable increase in yield (25 %) was detected when the crop was supplemented with organically fortified Zinc than the commercial ZnSO4”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1259–1400 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Application of biofortified Zn will deliver higher growth and yield in green gram.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae4
Treatment: application of biofortified Zne4
Outcome: growth and yielde4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e4
“The study concluded that the application of biofortified Zn will deliver higher growth and yield in green gram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1402–1512 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

74 papers: 71 positive, 3 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

positive
Increasing levels of vermicompost and zinc increased grain and straw yield in greengram relative to the control.
Effect of Vermicompost and Zinc on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.)] Under Semi-Arid Region of Rajasthan · 2017 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
P×Zn interactions did not affect mungbean yield.
Interactive effects of phosphorus and zinc in wheat, rice and mungbean · 2005
Opposite direction
negative
RDF with soil application of deficient micronutrients gave a stover yield of 2386.63 kg/ha, lower than the RDF with micronutrient mixture.
Effect of different methods of micronutrients mixture application on growth and yield of mungbean in Cauvery command area · 2018 · compared with soil application of RDF +micronutrients mixture
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

70 papers more in this group

See all 74 papers →

zinc sulfate · quality: grain · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

zinc sulfate · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

16 papers: 16 positive, 0 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
ZnSO 4 gave the highest increase in mung bean growth attributes and shoot nutrient content among sulfate fertilizers.
Physiological insights into sulfate and selenium interaction to improve drought tolerance in mung bean · 2021 · compared with other SO 4 2− fertilizers
Same direction
positive
The 0.4 PPM EBL and 1.5 mM zinc combination enhanced seedling growth about 38%.
Brassinosteroids as promoters of seedling growth and antioxidant activity under heavy metal zinc stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) · 2023 · compared with zinc-treated seedlings alone
Same direction
positive
Combined treatment improved growth by 50–100%.
Integrated management of charcoal rot disease in susceptible genotypes of mungbean with soil application of micronutrient zinc and green manure (prickly sesban) · 2022
Same direction

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

zinc sulfate · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

28 papers: 28 positive, 0 negative or no effect

27 papers in the same direction as this paper

24 papers more in this group

See all 28 papers →

fertilization · quality: grain · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

41 papers: 40 positive, 1 negative or no effect

39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

positive
Increasing levels of vermicompost and zinc increased pods per plant, seeds per pod and test weight in greengram relative to the control.
Effect of Vermicompost and Zinc on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.)] Under Semi-Arid Region of Rajasthan · 2017 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Test weight and harvest index of greengram were not significantly affected by the different nutrient management treatments.
Production Potential of Summer Greengram [Vigna radiata (L) wilczek] to Different Nutrient Management Practices under South Gujarat Condition · 2020
Opposite direction
positive
Organic manures and liquid organic foliar sprays significantly enhanced seed yield and seed quality parameters of green gram.
Effect of organics on seed yield and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) · 2016
Same direction

37 papers more in this group

See all 41 papers →

application · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

98 papers: 94 positive, 4 negative or no effect

93 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

no effect
Mungbean growth did not differ significantly across Ge formulation, concentration, or application frequency.
Effects of Germanium(Ge) on Growth, Yield and Ge Content of Mungbean · 2007
Opposite direction
negative
Low-temperature soaking significantly reduced germination vigor, germination rate, and seedling height in all four varieties.
Study on Appropriate Methods to Determinate Vigor of Different Legume Seeds · 2015
Opposite direction
no effect
Glyphosate treatment did not affect mungbean seed germination rate.
Influence of Herbicides on Defoliation and Seed Germination Rate of Mungbean at Harvest Period · 2013
Opposite direction

94 papers more in this group

See all 98 papers →

fertilization · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

145 papers: 140 positive, 5 negative or no effect

139 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Green gram seeds germinated 100% in compost, as in distilled water.
Effect of Broiler Slaughter Waste Compost on Seed Germination and Growth Performance of Selected Crop Plants · 2018 · compared with distilled water
Opposite direction
no effect
K3 and K2 did not differ significantly for leaf area in the first season.
Role of Potash Fertilization in Reduction of Water Stress in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and Vegetative Growth Characteristics · 2015
Opposite direction
no effect
The treatment combination had no significant growth effect at listed ages.
Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah Dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Di Tanah Inceptisols Ternate · 2022
Opposite direction

141 papers more in this group

See all 145 papers →

application · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

216 papers: 209 positive, 7 negative or no effect

208 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

no effect
Germination yield of mung bean seeds was not significantly affected by the hot water and chlorine decontamination.
Scale-Up Seed Decontamination Process to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis on Mung Bean Seeds · 2009
Opposite direction
no effect
Early spray plots did not differ from untreated plots in yield.
Timing of Triazole-Based Spray Schedules for Managing Mungbean Powdery Mildew in Australia: A Meta-Analysis · 2021 · compared with nontreated plots
Opposite direction
negative
Spraying with bentazone reduced mung bean yield
Tolerance of mung beans ( Vigna radiata ) to bentazone · 1979
Opposite direction

212 papers more in this group

See all 216 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 12

The same questions in other papers

zinc atom · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

zinc sulfate · quality: grain · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

zinc sulfate · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

zinc sulfate · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

fertilization · quality: grain · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

application · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results