Abstract
Numerous studies reported the positive effect of soil amendment with biochar on plant development. However, little is known about biochar and its interrelation with nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) additions and their impact on plant growth. We carried out greenhouse experiments to understand the interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply, as well as biochar amendment, on the symbiotic performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and plant growth and nutrient uptake. The biochar was produced from maize by heating at 600 °C for 30 min and used for pot experiments at an application rate of 2%. Plants were fertilized with two different concentrations of P (KH2PO4) and N (NH4NO3). Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of soybean root and shoot biomass, by 34% and 42%, under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supply, respectively. Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced the dry weight of shoot biomass significantly, by 41% and 67%, in soil without biochar and with biochar addition, respectively. The nodule number was 19% higher in plants grown under low N combined with low or high P, than in high N combinations, while biochar application increased nodule number in roots. Moreover, biochar application increased N uptake of plants in all soil treatments with N or P supply, compared with B. japonicum-inoculated and uninoculated plants. A statistical difference in P uptake of plants between biochar and nutrient levels was observed with low N and high P supply in the soil. Our results show that the interactions between nitrogen, phosphorus, and biochar affect soybean growth by improving the symbiotic performance of B. japonicum and the growth and nutrition of soybean. We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake. These data indicated that the combined use of biochar and low N, P application can be an effective approach in improving soybean growth with minimum nutrient input.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean root dry weight by 34% under low nitrogen and phosphorus supply.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- dry weight of soybean roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Qualifier
- under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of soybean root and shoot biomass, by 34% and 42%, under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supply, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean shoot dry weight by 42% under low nitrogen and phosphorus supply.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- Biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Qualifier
- under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of soybean root and shoot biomass, by 34% and 42%, under low nitrogen and low phosphorus supply, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. japonicum inoculation increased shoot biomass dry weight by 41% without biochar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont - Outcome
- dry weight of shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Qualifier
- soil without biochare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced the dry weight of shoot biomass significantly, by 41% and 67%, in soil without biochar and with biochar addition, respectively.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
B. japonicum inoculation increased shoot biomass dry weight by 67% with biochar.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weight of shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 67%e0
- Qualifier
- with biochar additione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced the dry weight of shoot biomass significantly, by 41% and 67%, in soil without biochar and with biochar addition, respectively.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen with low or high phosphorus gave 19% more nodules than high nitrogen combinations.
Verbatim
e0“The nodule number was 19% higher in plants grown under low N combined with low or high P, than in high N combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar application increased root nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- nodule numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application increased nodule number in roots.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased plant nitrogen uptake across nitrogen and phosphorus soil treatments.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Interactor
- B. japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- N uptake of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all soil treatments with N or P supplye0
- Comparator
- B. japonicum-inoculated and uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application increased N uptake of plants in all soil treatments with N or P supply, compared with B. japonicum-inoculated and uninoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant phosphorus uptake differed between biochar and nutrient levels under low nitrogen and high phosphorus.
Verbatim
e0“A statistical difference in P uptake of plants between biochar and nutrient levels was observed with low N and high P supply in the soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass correlated positively with root biomass.
Verbatim
e0“We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass correlated positively with nitrogen uptake.
Verbatim
e0“We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass correlated positively with phosphorus uptake.
Verbatim
e0“We observed strong positive correlations between plant shoot biomass, root biomass, and N and P uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar with low nitrogen and phosphorus was proposed as an effective approach for soybean growth with minimum nutrient input.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- combined use of biochar and low N, P applicatione0
- Outcome
- improving soybean growth with minimum nutrient inpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined use of biochar and low N, P application can be an effective approach in improving soybean growth with minimum nutrient input.”
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See all 358 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.