Abstract
Nitrogen (N) in soybean (Glycine max L.) plants derived from biological nitrogen fixation was shown to be a sustainable N resource to substitute for N fertilizer. However, the limited water supply in sandy soil is a critical factor for soybean nodulation and crop growth. This study investigated the potential mechanism of the effect of biochar and irrigation on the soybean-Rhizobium symbiotic performance and soil biological activity in a field trial. In the absence of N fertilizer, 10 t ha−1 of black cherry wood-derived biochar were applied under irrigated and rainfed conditions on an experimental, sandy field site. The plant biomass, plant nutrient concentrations, nodule number, nodule leghemoglobin content, soil enzyme activities, and soil-available nutrients were examined. Our results show that biochar application caused a significant increase in the nodule number by 35% in the irrigated condition. Shoot biomass and soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were significantly increased by irrigation in comparison to the rainfed condition. The activity of soil protease reduced significantly, by 8%, with the biochar application in the irrigated condition. Further, a linear correlation analysis and redundancy analysis performed on the plant, nodule, and soil variables suggested that the biochar application may affect soybean N uptake in the sandy field. Nodulation was enhanced with biochar addition, however, the plant N concentration and nodule Lb content remained unaffected.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soybean nodule number by 35% under irrigation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- nodule numbere0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Qualifier
- irrigated conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application caused a significant increase in the nodule number by 35% in the irrigated condition”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased shoot biomass relative to rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rainfed conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot biomass and soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were significantly increased by irrigation in comparison to the rainfed condition”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity relative to rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rainfed conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot biomass and soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were significantly increased by irrigation in comparison to the rainfed condition”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar under irrigation significantly reduced soil protease activity by 8%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- activity of soil proteasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Qualifier
- irrigated conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of soil protease reduced significantly, by 8%, with the biochar application in the irrigated condition”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Analyses suggested biochar may affect soybean N uptake in sandy field soil.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- soybean N uptakee0
- Setting
- sandy fielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application may affect soybean N uptake in the sandy field”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar enhanced nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochar additione0
- Outcome
- Nodulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation was enhanced with biochar addition”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar left plant N concentration unaffected.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochar additione0
- Outcome
- plant N concentratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation was enhanced with biochar addition, however, the plant N concentration and nodule Lb content remained unaffected”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar left nodule leghemoglobin content unaffected.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- biochar additione0
- Outcome
- nodule Lb contente0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodulation was enhanced with biochar addition, however, the plant N concentration and nodule Lb content remained unaffected”
t0“Soybean-Rhizobium”
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