Abstract
To further explore the effects of different soil textures on soil leaching and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth using a combined irrigation and drainage technique and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of saline alkali land in Xinjiang, we used a test pit experiment to test soil moisture, salinity, soil pH, permeability, cotton agronomic characteristics, cotton yield and quality, and water use efficiency in three soil textures (clay, loam, sand soil) under the combined irrigation and drainage (T1) and conventional drip irrigation (T2). We measured the soil moisture content in different soil layers of clay, loam and sandy soil under the T1 and T2 treatments. Clay and loam had better water retention than sandy soil, and the soil moisture under the combined irrigation and drainage treatment was slightly higher than that under conventional drip irrigation. Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2. Therefore, T2 reduced the salt content and pH value of shallow soil. Under T1 and T2, the relative permeability coefficient (K/K0) values in different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were ranked as follows: sandy soil > loam > clay. Under T1, the K/K0 values for different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were >1; therefore, T1 improved soil permeability. The yield and water use efficiency of seed cotton under T1 and T2 in different soil textures were ranked as follows: loam > clay > sand, and there were significant differences between the different treatments. In loam, the cotton yield and water use efficiency of the combined irrigation and drainage treatment were 6.37% and 13.70% higher than those for conventional drip irrigation treatment, respectively. By combining irrigation and drainage to adjust the soil moisture, salt, pH value and soil permeability of different soil textures, the root growth environment of crops can effectively be improved, which is of great significance to improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and promoting the growth of cotton.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Clay and loam retained more water than sandy soil.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Outcome
- water retentione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- sandy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clay and loam had better water retention than sandy soil”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined irrigation and drainage produced slightly higher soil moisture than conventional drip irrigation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- combined irrigation and drainage treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- conventional drip irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil moisture under the combined irrigation and drainage treatment was slightly higher than that under conventional drip irrigation”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T1, clay soil salt content decreased 14.09% relative to T2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- salt contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 14.09%e0
- Qualifier
- claye0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T1, loam soil salt content decreased 14.21% relative to T2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- salt contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 14.21%e0
- Qualifier
- loame0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T1, sandy soil salt content decreased 12.35% relative to T2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- salt contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12.35%e0
- Qualifier
- sandy soile0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T1, clay soil pH decreased 5.02% relative to T2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- pH valuee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.02%e0
- Qualifier
- claye0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T1, loam soil pH decreased 5.85% relative to T2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- pH valuee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.85%e0
- Qualifier
- loame0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under T1, sandy soil pH decreased 3.27% relative to T2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- pH valuee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3.27%e0
- Qualifier
- sandy soile0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil permeability ranked sandy soil above loam above clay under both irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- relative permeability coefficient (K/K0)e0
- Direction
- sandy soil > loam > claye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1 and T2, the relative permeability coefficient (K/K0) values in different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were ranked as follows: sandy soil > loam > clay”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 improved soil permeability across textures and cotton growth stages.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under T1, the K/K0 values for different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were >1; therefore, T1 improved soil permeability”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton yield ranked loam above clay above sand across treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loam > clay > sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and water use efficiency of seed cotton under T1 and T2 in different soil textures were ranked as follows: loam > clay > sand, and there were significant differences between the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton water use efficiency ranked loam above clay above sand across treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- loam > clay > sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and water use efficiency of seed cotton under T1 and T2 in different soil textures were ranked as follows: loam > clay > sand, and there were significant differences between the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In loam, combined irrigation and drainage increased cotton yield by 6.37%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- combined irrigation and drainage treatmente0
- Outcome
- cotton yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.37%e0
- Qualifier
- loame0
- Comparator
- conventional drip irrigation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In loam, the cotton yield and water use efficiency of the combined irrigation and drainage treatment were 6.37% and 13.70% higher than those for conventional drip irrigation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In loam, combined irrigation and drainage increased cotton water use efficiency by 13.70%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- combined irrigation and drainage treatmente0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 13.70%e0
- Qualifier
- loame0
- Comparator
- conventional drip irrigation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In loam, the cotton yield and water use efficiency of the combined irrigation and drainage treatment were 6.37% and 13.70% higher than those for conventional drip irrigation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer combined irrigation and drainage can improve crop root environment.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- combining irrigation and drainagee0
- Outcome
- root growth environment of cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By combining irrigation and drainage to adjust the soil moisture, salt, pH value and soil permeability of different soil textures, the root growth environment of crops can effectively be improved”
t0“Cotton”
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