Abstract
Many agronomical wastes are produced annually in significant amounts after cultivation, especially in agricultural countries. This study applied biochar produced from the pyrolysis of cassava stems to improve soil with low fertility for maize cultivation. The effect of soil biochar incorporation on maize yield and productivity was also investigated. Eight experimental plots, each with four replicates, were applied with cassava stem biochar (CSB) at different rates of 0.5 kg/m2 (TB0.5), 2.5 kg/m2 (TB2.5) and 3.0 kg/m2 (TB3.0), fertilizer at 0.56 kg/m2 (TM), fertilizer at 0.56 kg/m2 mixed with CSB at 0.5 kg/m2 (TMB0.5), 2.5 kg/m2 (TMB2.5), 3.0 kg/m2 (TMB3.0) and untreated soil (TC). Pyrolysis of cassava stems at 450–500 °C produced strongly alkaline CSB with pH 9.6 and increased nutrient contents. Specific surface area and total pore volume increased, and pores were classified as mesoporous, while average pore diameter decreased. CSB had a highly stable carbon content of 58.46%, with high aromaticity and polarity obtained from O/C and H/C ratios. Results indicated that CSB enhanced and supported maize growth by improving soil physicochemical properties to suit cultivation. Applying CSB into the soil gave higher maize yield and productivity than cultivation using fertilizer. The highest yield and nutrition contents were obtained in seed from cultivation using fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2. Biochar production from cassava stems generated a useful commodity from waste material.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava stem biochar improved soil physicochemical properties suitable for maize growth.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSB enhanced and supported maize growth by improving soil physicochemical properties to suit cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava stem biochar supported maize growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CSB enhanced and supported maize growth by improving soil physicochemical properties to suit cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar incorporation gave higher maize yield than fertilizer.
- Treatment
- Applying CSB into the soile0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cultivation using fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying CSB into the soil gave higher maize yield and productivity than cultivation using fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar incorporation gave higher maize productivity than fertilizer.
- Treatment
- Applying CSB into the soile0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cultivation using fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying CSB into the soil gave higher maize yield and productivity than cultivation using fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2 produced the highest maize seed yield.
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield and nutrition contents were obtained in seed from cultivation using fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2 produced the highest maize seed nutrition contents.
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2e0
- Outcome
- nutrition contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield and nutrition contents were obtained in seed from cultivation using fertilizer mixed with biochar at 3.0 kg/m2”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
Manihot esculenta · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Manihot esculenta · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →biochar · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
119 papers more in this group
See all 123 papers →biochar · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
179 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
186 papers more in this group
See all 190 papers →biochar · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
174 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
189 papers more in this group
See all 193 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,025 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
1,160 papers more in this group
See all 1,164 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.