Abstract
To study the combined effect of nitrogen levels and foliar spray with CaCl2 and citric acid on growth, yield and chemical constituents of lettuce cultivar Balady (Romine), two field experiments were conducted at experimental farm of Barramoon, Dakahlia governorate during the winter seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007.Twelve treatments representing all possible combinations of four N levels (0, 40, 60 and 80 kg N fed-1) and three foliar sprays; control (water), CaCl2 (2000ppm) and citric acid (100ppm) were used in split plot design with three replicates. The obtained results can be summarized as follows; 1. Increasing N-levels from 0 up to 80 kg N fed-1 considerably increased all the studied vegetative growth and yield parameters and 80 kg N fed-1 level was the most superior one. 2. Foliar application of CaCl2 (2000 ppm) and citric acid (100 ppm) significantly increased all studied vegetative growth and yield parameters of lettuce plants compared with the control (water). 3. Vegetative growth and yield of lettuce plants were affected significantly by applying the rate of 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000pm) followed by 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with citric acid (100ppm) as compared to the control treatment. 4. Increasing N levels from 0 up to 80 kg N fed-1 significantly increased N, P, K, Mg% and NO-3 (mg kg DW-1) except for Ca% compared with the control. 5. Sprayed lettuce plants with citric acid (100ppm) significantly increased N and K % and foliar application with CaCl2 (2000ppm) increased P, Ca and Mg % and decreased NO-3 and NO2accumulation. 6. Applying of 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm) and citric acid (100ppm) gave the highest values of N, P and K % and its uptake (kg fed-1) as compared to the other treatments. 7. The highest values of Ca % were obtained from plants fertilized with 40 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm). Plants fertilized with 80 kg N fed-1 and without foliar application with CaCl2 or citric acid gave the highest values of NO-3 or NO-2 (mg kg DW-1). Finally, it could be concluded that 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm) was the best treatment for maximizing the growth and yield of lettuce plants and minimizing NO-3 content of leaves. So, it could be regarded as the best treatment on basis of yield and NO-3 safety for human nutrition.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N to 80 kg N fed-1 increased vegetative growth and yield.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N-levels from 0 up to 80 kg N fed-1 considerably increased all the studied vegetative growth and yield parameters and 80 kg N fed-1 level was the most superior one.”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CaCl2 increased growth and yield relative to water.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (2000 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control (water)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of CaCl2 (2000 ppm) and citric acid (100 ppm) significantly increased all studied vegetative growth and yield parameters of lettuce plants compared with the control (water).”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar citric acid increased growth and yield relative to water.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- citric acid (100 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control (water)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of CaCl2 (2000 ppm) and citric acid (100 ppm) significantly increased all studied vegetative growth and yield parameters of lettuce plants compared with the control (water).”
Claim · model-written summary
80 kg N with CaCl2 significantly affected growth and yield versus control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000pm)e0
- Outcome
- Vegetative growth and yielde0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vegetative growth and yield of lettuce plants were affected significantly by applying the rate of 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000pm) followed by 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with citric acid (100ppm) as compared to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization increased leaf N, P and K.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1e0
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N levels from 0 up to 80 kg N fed-1 significantly increased N, P, K, Mg% and NO-3 (mg kg DW-1) except for Ca% compared with the control.”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization increased Mg and nitrate but not Ca.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1e0
- Outcome
- Mg% and NO-3e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N levels from 0 up to 80 kg N fed-1 significantly increased N, P, K, Mg% and NO-3 (mg kg DW-1) except for Ca% compared with the control.”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid increased leaf N and K percentages.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- citric acid (100ppm)e0
- Outcome
- N and K %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed lettuce plants with citric acid (100ppm) significantly increased N and K %”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 spray increased P, Ca and Mg percentages.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (2000ppm)e0
- Outcome
- P, Ca and Mg %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application with CaCl2 (2000ppm) increased P, Ca and Mg % and decreased NO-3 and NO2accumulation.”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 spray decreased nitrate and nitrite accumulation.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- CaCl2 (2000ppm)e0
- Outcome
- NO-3 and NO2accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application with CaCl2 (2000ppm) increased P, Ca and Mg % and decreased NO-3 and NO2accumulation.”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
80 kg N with either foliar spray gave highest N, P and K percentages and uptake.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm) and citric acid (100ppm)e0
- Outcome
- N, P and K % and its uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying of 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm) and citric acid (100ppm) gave the highest values of N, P and K % and its uptake (kg fed-1) as compared to the other treatments.”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
40 kg N with CaCl2 gave highest Ca percentage.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 40 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm)e0
- Outcome
- Ca %e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of Ca % were obtained from plants fertilized with 40 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm).”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
80 kg N without foliar spray gave highest nitrate or nitrite.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1 and without foliar application with CaCl2 or citric acide0
- Outcome
- NO-3 or NO-2e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants fertilized with 80 kg N fed-1 and without foliar application with CaCl2 or citric acid gave the highest values of NO-3 or NO-2 (mg kg DW-1).”
t0“LETTUCE”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 80 kg N with CaCl2 spray to maximize lettuce yield while limiting nitrate.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm)e0
- Outcome
- best treatment for maximizing the growth and yield of lettuce plants and minimizing NO-3 content of leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“80 kg N fed-1 and foliar spray with CaCl2 (2000ppm) was the best treatment for maximizing the growth and yield of lettuce plants and minimizing NO-3 content of leaves”
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