Abstract
Environmental conditions such as temperature can be important determinants for the success of biocontrol agents in field situations. On the one hand temperature affects biocontrol strains on the other plant–pathogen dynamics. In order to understand these dynamics, driving factors behind these interactions need to be fully characterized. Here, we i) investigated the effect of two temperature treatments on the biocontrol activity of the root endophyte Serendipita herbamans against the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in tomato and ii) assessed the impact of this biocontrol system on root morphological traits. The results of this study indicate that inoculation with S. herbamans stimulated shoot length and enhanced the shoot and root dry mass in tomato plants across both temperatures. Furthermore, S. herbamans inoculation decreased disease incidence from 67% in the Fol only treatment to 22% at lower temperatures (24 °C). At 28 °C, disease incidence was around 41% and no reduction could be seen; however, root morphological traits such as root length, root surface area and root volume were not affected at 24 °C but severely reduced under 28 °C upon Fol inoculation. A reduction of root morphological parameters was not observed in S. herbamans + Fol treated plants at 28 °C indicating a protective effect against Fol. Moreover, root morphological traits appear to be more influenced by the different temperatures than root dry weights. In additional in-vitro experiments, growth promoting effects of S. herbamans on root traits without direct contact were evident indicating the involvement of volatile organic compounds in growth promotion. In conclusion, S. herbamans provides protection against the temperature-dependent damage Fol inflicts on the tomato plants by reducing disease development under 24 °C and by mitigating reduction in root morphological parameters under 28 °C in the early weeks of interaction.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
S. herbamans inoculation stimulated tomato shoot length at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- inoculation with S. herbamanse1
- Interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
- Qualifier
- across both temperaturese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“inoculation with S. herbamans stimulated shoot length and enhanced the shoot and root dry mass in tomato plants across both temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
S. herbamans inoculation enhanced tomato shoot and root dry mass at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- inoculation with S. herbamanse1
- Interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry masse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- across both temperaturese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“inoculation with S. herbamans stimulated shoot length and enhanced the shoot and root dry mass in tomato plants across both temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
At 24 °C, S. herbamans reduced Fusarium wilt incidence from 67% to 22%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- S. herbamans inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen - Second interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Qualifier
- 67%e1
- Comparator
- Fol only treatmente1
- Setting
- 24 °Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“S. herbamans inoculation decreased disease incidence from 67% in the Fol only treatment to 22% at lower temperatures (24 °C)”
e2“soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 °C, disease incidence was about 41%, with no reduction from S. herbamans.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. herbamans inoculatione2
- Interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- no reductione1
- Value
- 41%e1
- Setting
- 28 °Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“At 28 °C, disease incidence was around 41% and no reduction could be seen”
e2“S. herbamans inoculation decreased disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol inoculation did not affect tomato root length, area or volume at 24 °C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Fole1pathogen
- Outcome
- root length, root surface area and root volumee1
- Direction
- not affectede1
- Setting
- 24 °Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“root morphological traits such as root length, root surface area and root volume were not affected at 24 °C but severely reduced under 28 °C upon Fol inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol inoculation severely reduced tomato root length, area and volume at 28 °C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Fole1pathogen
- Outcome
- root length, root surface area and root volumee1
- Direction
- severely reducede1
- Setting
- 28 °Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“root morphological traits such as root length, root surface area and root volume were not affected at 24 °C but severely reduced under 28 °C upon Fol inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
With S. herbamans plus Fol at 28 °C, root morphological parameters showed no reduction.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. herbamans + Fole1
- Interactor
- Fole1pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root morphological parameterse1
- Direction
- not observede1
- Setting
- 28 °Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“A reduction of root morphological parameters was not observed in S. herbamans + Fol treated plants at 28 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature influenced root morphology more than root dry weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- root morphological traitse1
- Direction
- more influencede1
- Comparator
- root dry weightse1
- Setting
- different temperaturese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“root morphological traits appear to be more influenced by the different temperatures than root dry weights”
Claim · model-written summary
S. herbamans promoted root traits in vitro without direct contact.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. herbamanse1
- Interactor
- S. herbamansSerendipita herbamanse1symbiont
- Outcome
- root traitse1
- Direction
- growth promotinge1
- Qualifier
- without direct contacte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“growth promoting effects of S. herbamans on root traits without direct contact were evident”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that volatile organic compounds participate in contact-free root growth promotion.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- volatile organic compoundse1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Qualifier
- without direct contacte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“without direct contact were evident indicating the involvement of volatile organic compounds in growth promotion”
The same questions in other papers
Serendipita herbamans · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →inoculation · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
129 papers in the same direction as this paper · 136 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
262 papers more in this group
See all 266 papers →inoculation · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
386 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
437 papers more in this group
See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.