Abstract
High-salinity stress represses plant growth by inhibiting various metabolic processes. In contrast to the well-studied mechanisms mediating tolerance to high levels of salt, the effects of low levels of salts have not been well studied. In this study, we examined the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under different NaCl concentrations. Interestingly, both shoot and root biomass increased in the presence of 5 mM NaCl, whereas more than 10 mM NaCl decreased plant biomass. To clarify the biological mechanism by which a low level of NaCl stimulated plant growth, we analyzed element accumulation in plants grown under different NaCl concentrations. In addition to the Na and Cl contents, C, S, Zn, and Cu contents were increased under 5 mM NaCl in shoots; this was not observed at higher NaCl concentrations. Adverse effects of high salinity, such as decreased levels of nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and some cations, did not occur in the presence of 5 mM NaCl. An increase in C was possibly attributed to increased photosynthesis supported by Cl, Zn, and Cu, which also increased in shoots after NaCl application. Salt stress-responsive gene expression was enhanced under 20 mM NaCl but not at lower doses. Among the S metabolites analyzed, cysteine (Cys) was increased by 5 mM NaCl, suggesting that S assimilation was promoted by this dose of NaCl. These results indicate the usefulness of NaCl for plant growth stimulation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mM NaCl, shoot and root biomass increased.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- 5 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both shoot and root biomass increased in the presence of 5 mM NaCl”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Above 10 mM NaCl, plant biomass decreased.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- more than 10 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 10 mM NaCl decreased plant biomass”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mM NaCl, shoot C, S, Zn, Cu, Na, and Cl contents increased.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- 5 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na and Cl contents, C, S, Zn, and Cu contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition to the Na and Cl contents, C, S, Zn, and Cu contents were increased under 5 mM NaCl in shoots”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
This increase was absent at higher NaCl concentrations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“this was not observed at higher NaCl concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mM NaCl, high-salinity decreases in nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and some cations did not occur.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- 5 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- levels of nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and some cationse0
- Direction
- did not occure0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased levels of nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and some cations, did not occur in the presence of 5 mM NaCl”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased C may reflect increased photosynthesis supported by Cl, Zn, and Cu.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- Cl, Zn, and Cue0
- Outcome
- increase in Ce0
- Qualifier
- possibly attributed to increased photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in C was possibly attributed to increased photosynthesis supported by Cl, Zn, and Cu, which also increased in shoots after NaCl application”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress-responsive gene expression was enhanced at 20 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- 20 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Salt stress-responsive gene expressione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- lower dosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress-responsive gene expression was enhanced under 20 mM NaCl but not at lower doses”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress-responsive gene expression was not enhanced at lower doses.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- lower dosese0
- Outcome
- Salt stress-responsive gene expressione0
- Comparator
- 20 mM NaCle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress-responsive gene expression was enhanced under 20 mM NaCl but not at lower doses”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mM NaCl, cysteine increased.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- 5 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- cysteine (Cys)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cysteine (Cys) was increased by 5 mM NaCl”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The cysteine increase suggests S assimilation was promoted by 5 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- 5 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- S assimilation was promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that S assimilation was promoted by this dose of NaCl”
e1“cysteine (Cys) was increased by 5 mM NaCl”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest NaCl can stimulate plant growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- usefulness of NaCl for plant growth stimulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate the usefulness of NaCl for plant growth stimulation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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