Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan solution with anionic sodium tripolyphosphate. The XRD pattern of chitosan exhibited broad diffraction peaks at an angle 2θ of 10o and 21o which were the two characteristic peaks of chitosan. Moreover, there was no impurity peaks observed in the XRD pattern. The FESEM image confirmed that the nanoparticle products were spherical in shape with a size of 100–200 nm. When the concentration of chitosan increased, the primary particles became more aggregated. The functional group confirmations of the prepared samples were obtained by FTIR spectroscopy analysis. It was found that the FTIR spectrum of chitosan exhibited O–H, C–H, C–N, C–O–C band stretching and N–H bending which were in good agreement with the previous reported . . Nanochitosan at 10, 50, 100 ppm promote rice growth when compared to the control. While,rice seedling did not growth in high concentration of chitosan at 500, 1000 ppm. The protein content and chitinase enzyme activity were induced expression in rice seedling after nanochitosan application. Protein content and chitinase activity in rice treated with nanochitosan varied depending on the chitosan concentration and rice growing time. Total protein content was up to 23.66 fold, while chitinase enzyme activity found increase to 3.31 when compared to the control. Four isoforms were presented in all plant tissue after nanochitosan induction for 2 week. One isoform (18 kDa) was constitutively presented in control, while the other 3 isoform (12 24, 76 kDa) were strongly induced by nanochitosan. The 3 isoform (12 24, 76 kDa) may be involve in plant agaist to abiotic stress such as nanochitosan. The expression of chitinase isoform in specific tissues of rice seedling after nanochitosan induction was investigated. It was found the rice leave contains 3 isoform at molecular weight of 12 kD, 18 kD and 76 kD, respectively. Stem contains 12 kD, 18 kD and 24 kD of isoform.While, root no contain chatinase isoform. Chitinase isoform expression in stem and leave may be involved in rice against to pathaogen and insect. Especially, 2 isoform of 12 kD, 18 kD in rice stem may be related to against brown plant hopper which was preferred to sucking phloem of rice stem. Therefore, the rice plant treated with nanochitosan in this study can survive from the BPH attack when compared to the control. Synthesized Nanochitosan can successfully induced chitinase isoform expression in rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan showed characteristic XRD peaks at 10o and 21o without impurity peaks.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The XRD pattern of chitosan exhibited broad diffraction peaks at an angle 2θ of 10o and 21o which were the two characteristic peaks of chitosan. Moreover, there was no impurity peaks observed in the XRD pattern.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles were spherical and 100–200 nm in size.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The FESEM image confirmed that the nanoparticle products were spherical in shape with a size of 100–200 nm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing chitosan concentration increased particle aggregation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“When the concentration of chitosan increased, the primary particles became more aggregated.”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR detected O–H, C–H and C–N stretching in chitosan, agreeing with prior reports.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“It was found that the FTIR spectrum of chitosan exhibited O–H, C–H, C–N, C–O–C band stretching and N–H bending which were in good agreement with the previous reported”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR detected C–O–C stretching and N–H bending in chitosan.
- Outcome
- C–O–C band stretching and N–H bendinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“C–O–C band stretching and N–H bending”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan at 10, 50 and 100 ppm promoted rice growth relative to control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Nanochitosan at 10, 50, 100 ppme0
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nanochitosan at 10, 50, 100 ppm promote rice growth when compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seedlings did not grow at 500 and 1000 ppm chitosan.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- chitosan at 500, 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- did not growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While,rice seedling did not growth in high concentration of chitosan at 500, 1000 ppm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice protein content increased up to 23.66 fold after nanochitosan treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- nanochitosan applicatione1
- Outcome
- Total protein contente0
- Direction
- up toe0
- Value
- 23.66 folde0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total protein content was up to 23.66 fold, while chitinase enzyme activity found increase to 3.31 when compared to the control.”
e1“The protein content and chitinase enzyme activity were induced expression in rice seedling after nanochitosan application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice chitinase activity increased to 3.31 relative to control after nanochitosan.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- nanochitosan applicatione1
- Outcome
- chitinase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.31e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total protein content was up to 23.66 fold, while chitinase enzyme activity found increase to 3.31 when compared to the control.”
e1“The protein content and chitinase enzyme activity were induced expression in rice seedling after nanochitosan application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content and chitinase activity varied with chitosan concentration and growing time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanochitosane0
- Outcome
- Protein content and chitinase activitye0
- Qualifier
- chitosan concentration and rice growing timee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content and chitinase activity in rice treated with nanochitosan varied depending on the chitosan concentration and rice growing time.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four isoforms were present in all plant tissue after two weeks of nanochitosan induction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- all plant tissuee0
- Treatment
- nanochitosan inductione0
- Outcome
- Four isoforms were presentede0
- Qualifier
- 2 weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four isoforms were presented in all plant tissue after nanochitosan induction for 2 week.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 18 kDa isoform was constitutively present in controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- constitutively presentede0
- Qualifier
- 18 kDae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One isoform (18 kDa) was constitutively presented in control”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan strongly induced three other isoforms of 12, 24 and 76 kDa.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nanochitosane0
- Outcome
- other 3 isoforme0
- Direction
- strongly inducede0
- Qualifier
- 12 24, 76 kDae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the other 3 isoform (12 24, 76 kDa) were strongly induced by nanochitosan.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The three induced isoforms may participate in resistance to abiotic nanochitosan stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nanochitosane0
- Outcome
- plant agaist to abiotic stresse0
- Qualifier
- 3 isoform (12 24, 76 kDa)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 3 isoform (12 24, 76 kDa) may be involve in plant agaist to abiotic stress such as nanochitosan.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice leaves contained isoforms of 12, 18 and 76 kD.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavee0
- Outcome
- contains 3 isoforme0
- Qualifier
- 12 kD, 18 kD and 76 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was found the rice leave contains 3 isoform at molecular weight of 12 kD, 18 kD and 76 kD, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice stems contained isoforms of 12, 18 and 24 kD.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Steme0
- Outcome
- isoforme0
- Qualifier
- 12 kD, 18 kD and 24 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem contains 12 kD, 18 kD and 24 kD of isoform.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice roots contained no chitinase isoforms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- no contain chatinase isoforme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, root no contain chatinase isoform.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem and leaf chitinase expression may contribute to pathogen and insect resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leavee0
- Interactor
- pathaogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- insecte0pest
- Gene
- Chitinasee0
- Outcome
- rice against to pathaogen and insecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitinase isoform expression in stem and leave may be involved in rice against to pathaogen and insect.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 12 and 18 kD stem isoforms may contribute to brown planthopper resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Interactor
- brown plant hopper
Nilaparvata lugense0pest - Outcome
- against brown plant hoppere0
- Qualifier
- 2 isoform of 12 kD, 18 kDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Especially, 2 isoform of 12 kD, 18 kD in rice stem may be related to against brown plant hopper which was preferred to sucking phloem of rice stem.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanochitosan-treated rice survived BPH attack relative to control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanochitosane0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- survive from the BPH attacke0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, the rice plant treated with nanochitosan in this study can survive from the BPH attack when compared to the control.”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →nanoparticle · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
131 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.