Abstract
Kohlrabi is considered an important dietary vegetable worldwide. In this study, we investigated the growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds (PCs) and glucosinolates in sprouts of pale green and purple kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) in response to light and dark conditions. Pale green kohlrabi presented high fresh weight and root length irrespective of light treatment, whereas under dark conditions, it presented higher fresh weight and shoot length than purple kohlrabi. In contrast, the root length of both kohlrabies increased markedly under light conditions compared to that under dark conditions. Thirteen PCs and eight glucosinolates were detected and quantified in 10-day-old pale green and purple kohlrabies. In both kohlrabies, the individual and total phenolic levels were much higher under the light treatment than under the dark treatment. Under light and dark conditions, the total phenolic content was 6362.13 and 5475.04 µg/g dry weight in the pale green kohlrabi, respectively, whereas in the purple kohlrabi, it was 10,115.76 and 9361.74 µg/g dry weight, respectively. Dark conditions favored higher accumulation of glucosinolates than light conditions. Progoitrin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin were the predominant glucosinolates in both kohlrabies and were present in much higher amounts in the pale green kohlrabi. In pale green kohlrabi under dark conditions, the total glucosinolates content was 4.75 and 2.62 times higher than that of the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively. Among individual glucosinolates, in the pale green kohlrabi under the dark condition, progoitrin was found to have the highest content, which was 90.28 and 54.51 times higher than that in the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively. These results show that the phenolic and glucosinolates levels varied widely, and these variations between the two types of kohlrabi under both light and dark conditions were significant. Our findings suggest that light and dark conditions enhance the accumulation of PCs and glucosinolates, respectively, during the development of kohlrabi seedlings.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Pale green kohlrabi had high fresh weight and root length regardless of light treatment.
- Taxon
- kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodese0 - Material
- Pale greene0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and root lengthe0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of light treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pale green kohlrabi presented high fresh weight and root length irrespective of light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In darkness pale green kohlrabi had greater fresh weight and shoot length than purple kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Material
- Pale Greent0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- purple kohlrabie0
- Setting
- dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under dark conditions, it presented higher fresh weight and shoot length than purple kohlrabi”
t0“Pale Green and Purple Kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Light markedly increased root length in both kohlrabi types relative to darkness.
- Taxon
- KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- light conditionse0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root length of both kohlrabies increased markedly under light conditions compared to that under dark conditions”
t0“Kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen phenolic compounds and eight glucosinolates were detected in 10-day-old kohlrabi sprouts.
Verbatim
e0“Thirteen PCs and eight glucosinolates were detected and quantified in 10-day-old pale green and purple kohlrabies.”
Claim · model-written summary
Light yielded higher individual and total phenolic levels than darkness in both kohlrabi types.
Verbatim
e0“In both kohlrabies, the individual and total phenolic levels were much higher under the light treatment than under the dark treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pale green kohlrabi total phenolics were 6362.13 µg/g dry weight in light and 5475.04 µg/g dry weight in darkness.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Material
- pale greene0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Value
- 6362.13 and 5475.04 µg/g dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- light and dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under light and dark conditions, the total phenolic content was 6362.13 and 5475.04 µg/g dry weight in the pale green kohlrabi, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple kohlrabi total phenolics were 10,115.76 µg/g dry weight in light and 9361.74 µg/g dry weight in darkness.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Material
- purplee0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Value
- 10,115.76 and 9361.74 µg/g dry weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under light and dark conditions, the total phenolic content was 6362.13 and 5475.04 µg/g dry weight in the pale green kohlrabi, respectively, whereas in the purple kohlrabi, it was 10,115.76 and 9361.74 µg/g dry weight, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness increased glucosinolate accumulation relative to light in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
- Treatment
- Dark conditionse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- light conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dark conditions favored higher accumulation of glucosinolates than light conditions.”
t0“Kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Progoitrin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin predominated in both kohlrabi types and were higher in pale green sprouts.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Outcome
- Progoitrin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicine0
- Comparator
- pale green kohlrabie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Progoitrin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin were the predominant glucosinolates in both kohlrabies and were present in much higher amounts in the pale green kohlrabi.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-grown pale green kohlrabi had 4.75 times the total glucosinolates of light-grown purple kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Material
- pale greene0
- Outcome
- total glucosinolates contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.75e0
- Comparator
- purple kohlrabie0
- Setting
- dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In pale green kohlrabi under dark conditions, the total glucosinolates content was 4.75 and 2.62 times higher than that of the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-grown pale green kohlrabi had 2.62 times the total glucosinolates of dark-grown purple kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Material
- pale greene0
- Outcome
- total glucosinolates contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.62e0
- Comparator
- purple kohlrabie0
- Setting
- dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In pale green kohlrabi under dark conditions, the total glucosinolates content was 4.75 and 2.62 times higher than that of the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-grown pale green kohlrabi progoitrin was 90.28 times that of light-grown purple kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Material
- pale greene0
- Outcome
- progoitrine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 90.28e0
- Comparator
- purple kohlrabie0
- Setting
- dark conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the pale green kohlrabi under the dark condition, progoitrin was found to have the highest content, which was 90.28 and 54.51 times higher than that in the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-grown pale green kohlrabi progoitrin was 54.51 times that of dark-grown purple kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Material
- pale greene0
- Outcome
- progoitrine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 54.51e0
- Comparator
- purple kohlrabie0
- Setting
- dark conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the pale green kohlrabi under the dark condition, progoitrin was found to have the highest content, which was 90.28 and 54.51 times higher than that in the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively”
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