Abstract
Abstract Cadmium stress is one of the chief environmental cues that can substantially reduce plant growth. In the present research, we studied the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) applied individually and/or in combination to chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) plants exposed to 150 µM cadmium sulphate. Cadmium stress resulted in reduced plant growth and pigment contents. Moreover, chickpea plants under cadmium contamination displayed higher levels of electrolytic leakage, H 2 O 2, and malonaldehyde, as well as lower relative water content. Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA 3 (10 –6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content. . Osmoprotectants like proline and glycinebetaine increased under cadmium contamination. Additionally, the enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels increased markedly under Cd stress, but application of JA as well as of GA 3 further improved these attributes. Enzymes pertaining to the ascorbate glutathione and glyoxylase systems increased significantly when the chickpea plants were exposed to Cd. However, JA and GA 3 applied singly or in combination showed improved enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptake, whereas they reduced the metal accumulation in chickpea plants. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that JA and GA 3 are suitable agents for regulating Cd stress resistance in chickpea plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced chickpea growth and pigment content.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and pigment contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress resulted in reduced plant growth and pigment contents.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium raised electrolyte leakage, H2O2, and malonaldehyde.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- cadmium contaminatione0
- Outcome
- electrolytic leakage, H 2 O 2, and malonaldehydee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chickpea plants under cadmium contamination displayed higher levels of electrolytic leakage, H 2 O 2, and malonaldehyde”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium lowered relative water content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- cadmium contaminatione1
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as lower relative water content.”
t0“chickpea plants”
e1“chickpea plants under cadmium contamination displayed higher levels of electrolytic leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
JA priming reduced reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- JA (1 nM)e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA 3 (10 –6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 feeding reduced reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- GA 3 (10 –6 M)e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA 3 (10 –6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA priming increased relative water content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- JA (1 nM)e0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA 3 (10 –6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 feeding increased relative water content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- GA 3 (10 –6 M)e0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA 3 (10 –6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased proline and glycinebetaine.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- cadmium contaminatione0
- Outcome
- proline and glycinebetainee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Osmoprotectants like proline and glycinebetaine increased under cadmium contamination.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased enzymatic activities and nonenzymatic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels increased markedly under Cd stress”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA further improved antioxidant activities and levels.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Outcome
- these attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of JA as well as of GA 3 further improved these attributes.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 further improved antioxidant activities and levels.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- these attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of JA as well as of GA 3 further improved these attributes.”
t0“chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased ascorbate glutathione and glyoxylase enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- Enzymes pertaining to the ascorbate glutathione and glyoxylase systemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzymes pertaining to the ascorbate glutathione and glyoxylase systems increased significantly when the chickpea plants were exposed to Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
JA improved enzymatic activity and nutrient uptake and reduced metal accumulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA and GA 3 applied singly or in combination showed improved enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptake, whereas they reduced the metal accumulation in chickpea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 improved enzymatic activity and nutrient uptake and reduced metal accumulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA and GA 3 applied singly or in combination showed improved enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptake, whereas they reduced the metal accumulation in chickpea plants.”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · physiology: water · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
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- negative
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
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- negative
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: pigments · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.