Abstract
The continuous upsurge in soil nitrogen (N) enrichment has had strong impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems. Elucidating how plant ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) mutualists respond to this additional N will facilitate the rapid development and implementation of more broadly applicable management and remediation strategies. For this study, we investigated the responses of EMF communities to increased N, and how other abiotic environmental factors impacted them. Consequently, we conducted an eight-year N addition experiment in a poplar plantation in coastal eastern China that included five N addition levels: 0 (N0), 50 (N1), 100 (N2), 150 (N3), and 300 (N4) kg N ha−1 yr−1. We observed that excessive N inputs reduced the colonization rate and species richness of EMF, and altered its community structure and functional traits. The total carbon content of the humus layer and available phosphorus in the mineral soil were important drivers of EMF abundance, while the content of ammonium in the humus layer and mineral soil determined the variations in the EMF community structure and mycelium foraging type. Our findings indicated that long-term N addition induced soil nutrient imbalances that resulted in a severe decline in EMF abundance and loss of functional diversity in poplar plantations.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen reduced ectomycorrhizal colonization rate.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive N inputs reduced the colonization rate and species richness of EMF”
t0“Poplar Plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen reduced ectomycorrhizal species richness.
- Treatment
- excessive N inputse0
- Interactor
- EMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- species richness of EMFe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive N inputs reduced the colonization rate and species richness of EMF”
t0“Poplar Plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen altered EMF community structure and functional traits.
- Treatment
- excessive N inputse0
- Interactor
- EMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- community structure and functional traitse0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive N inputs reduced the colonization rate and species richness of EMF, and altered its community structure and functional traits”
t0“Poplar Plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Humus carbon and mineral-soil available phosphorus were important drivers of EMF abundance.
- Interactor
- EMFe0symbiont
- Compound
- available phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- EMF abundancee0
- Qualifier
- total carbon content of the humus layere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total carbon content of the humus layer and available phosphorus in the mineral soil were important drivers of EMF abundance”
t0“Poplar Plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Humus and mineral-soil ammonium content explained EMF community structure and foraging type.
- Interactor
- EMFe0symbiont
- Compound
- ammoniume0
- Outcome
- EMF community structure and mycelium foraging typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of ammonium in the humus layer and mineral soil determined the variations in the EMF community structure and mycelium foraging type”
t0“Poplar Plantation”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term nitrogen addition caused nutrient imbalance associated with EMF abundance decline and lost functional diversity.
- Treatment
- long-term N additione0
- Interactor
- EMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- severe decline in EMF abundance and loss of functional diversitye0
- Qualifier
- soil nutrient imbalancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“long-term N addition induced soil nutrient imbalances that resulted in a severe decline in EMF abundance and loss of functional diversity in poplar plantations”
t0“Poplar Plantation”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · disease · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
nitrogen · ecology: diversity · Populus (poplar)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.