Abstract
Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) yield has plateaued due to reduction in rainfall and rise in temperature. Therefore, its production cycle could not get appropriate water and temperature. It becomes important to standardize the sowing time and plant spacing of cluster beans in changing climate scenarios to get higher productivity. Therefore, a field study was conducted in 2019 at the Research area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to evaluate the effect of four sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) and three plant spacings (10, 12 and 15 cm) on crop growth, yield, and physiological functions of cluster bean genotype BR-2017 under split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The sowing times (15th May, 1st June, 15th June, and 1st July) were placed in the main plot, while plant spacing (10, 12 and 15 cm) was maintained in subplots. The significant effect of sowing time and plant spacing was observed on pod plant−1, pod length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight. Results showed that 1st June sowing performed better over 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July, while plant spacing 15 cm about in all sowing times showed higher results on growth and yield parameters of cluster bean over plant spacing 10, 12, and 15 cm. The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 than 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing, respectively. Maximum grain yield was observed on 1st June in all three spacings (10, 12, and 15 cm). The chord diagram indicates that the crop has received optimum environmental conditions when sown 1st June over other sowing times. In conclusion, 1st June sowing with 15 cm plant spacing could be a good option to achieve maximum productivity of cluster bean under changing climate scenario.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing time and plant spacing significantly affected cluster bean pods per plant, pod length and grain yield.
- Taxon
- Cluster bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobae0 - Treatment
- sowing time and plant spacinge1
- Outcome
- pod plant−1, pod length, grain yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)”
e1“The significant effect of sowing time and plant spacing was observed on pod plant−1, pod length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing time and plant spacing significantly affected cluster bean 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- Cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- sowing time and plant spacinge1
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)”
e1“The significant effect of sowing time and plant spacing was observed on pod plant−1, pod length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
June 1 sowing performed better than the other tested sowing dates for cluster bean.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Material
- BR-2017e0
- Treatment
- 1st June sowinge1
- Outcome
- performed bettere1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- 15th May, 15th June, and 1st Julye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cluster bean genotype BR-2017”
e1“1st June sowing performed better over 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July”
Claim · model-written summary
A 15 cm spacing gave higher cluster bean growth and yield results than the other stated spacings, though the abstract inconsistently includes 15 cm among comparators.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae1
- Material
- BR-2017e0
- Treatment
- plant spacing 15 cme1
- Outcome
- growth and yield parameterse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- plant spacing 10, 12, and 15 cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cluster bean genotype BR-2017”
e1“plant spacing 15 cm about in all sowing times showed higher results on growth and yield parameters of cluster bean over plant spacing 10, 12, and 15 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 cm spacing, June 1 sowing produced 8.0% more grains per pod than May 15 sowing.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacinge1
- Outcome
- grains pod-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5%e1
- Comparator
- 15th Maye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cluster bean genotype BR-2017”
e1“The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 than 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 cm spacing, June 1 sowing produced 22.7% more grains per pod than June 15 sowing.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacinge1
- Outcome
- grains pod-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 22.7e1
- Comparator
- 15th Junee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cluster bean genotype BR-2017”
e1“The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 than 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 cm spacing, June 1 sowing produced 28.5% more grains per pod than July 1 sowing.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacinge1
- Outcome
- grains pod-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 28.5%e1
- Comparator
- 1st Julye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cluster bean genotype BR-2017”
e1“The 1st June sowing time at 15 cm plant spacing showed 8.0, 22.7, and 28.5% higher grains pod-1 than 15th May, 15th June, and 1st July sowing, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
June 1 sowing gave maximum cluster bean grain yield at all three spacings.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- 1st Junee1
- Outcome
- Maximum grain yielde1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Qualifier
- all three spacings (10, 12, and 15 cm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cluster bean genotype BR-2017”
e1“Maximum grain yield was observed on 1st June in all three spacings (10, 12, and 15 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend June 1 sowing at 15 cm spacing for maximum cluster bean productivity under changing climate.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae1
- Outcome
- 1st June sowing with 15 cm plant spacinge1
- Qualifier
- under changing climate scenarioe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity of cluster bean under changing climate scenario”
e1“1st June sowing with 15 cm plant spacing could be a good option to achieve maximum productivity of cluster bean under changing climate scenario”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.