Abstract
South African soils generally lack native Bradyrhizobium strains that nodulate and fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) in soybeans (Glycine max L.). It is therefore very important to inoculate soybeans with products that contain effective Bradyrhizobium strains as active ingredients. In this study, a field experiment was conducted on two bioclimatic zones in South Africa during the 2019/2020 season to assess the effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain WB74 inoculant formulation on nitrogen fixation, growth and yield improvement in soybeans. The first bioclimatic zone was characterized by a sandy clay loam soil, whereas the second bioclimatic zone has a sandy loam soil. The results showed that inoculation of soybeans with both peat and liquid formulations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74 increased nitrogen uptake, which resulted in yield increase. The amount of N fixed was measured as 15N isotopes and increased with all treatments compared to the uninoculated control in both liquid and peat inoculant formulations. In bioclimatic zone A, slightly better results were obtained using the liquid formulation (1.79 t ha−1 for liquid compared to 1.75 t ha−1 for peat treatments), while peat formulations performed better in bioclimatic zone B (1.75 t ha−1 for peat compared to 1.71 t ha−1 for liquid treatments). In both areas higher yields were obtained with the formulations used in this study compared to the registered standards (treatment T3). The findings in this study provide vital information in the development and application of formulated microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture in South Africa.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Peat and liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74 inoculation increased soybean nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- peat and liquid formulations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74e0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74
Bradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont - Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of soybeans with both peat and liquid formulations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74 increased nitrogen uptake, which resulted in yield increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Peat and liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74 inoculation increased soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- peat and liquid formulations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74e0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74Bradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of soybeans with both peat and liquid formulations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum WB74 increased nitrogen uptake, which resulted in yield increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Both inoculant formulations increased fixed nitrogen relative to the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- liquid and peat inoculant formulationse0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- N fixede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of N fixed was measured as 15N isotopes and increased with all treatments compared to the uninoculated control in both liquid and peat inoculant formulations”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74 on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid formulation yield in zone A was 1.79 t ha−1 compared with 1.75 t ha−1 for peat.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- liquid formulatione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- better resultse0
- Direction
- slightly bettere0
- Value
- 1.79 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.75 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- peat treatmentse0
- Setting
- bioclimatic zone Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In bioclimatic zone A, slightly better results were obtained using the liquid formulation (1.79 t ha−1 for liquid compared to 1.75 t ha−1 for peat treatments)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74 on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Peat formulation yield in zone B was 1.75 t ha−1 versus 1.71 t ha−1 for liquid.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- peat formulationse0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- 1.75 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.71 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- liquid treatmentse0
- Setting
- bioclimatic zone Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peat formulations performed better in bioclimatic zone B (1.75 t ha−1 for peat compared to 1.71 t ha−1 for liquid treatments)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74 on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In both areas the study formulations yielded more than the registered standard T3.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- formulations used in this studye0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- registered standards (treatment T3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both areas higher yields were obtained with the formulations used in this study compared to the registered standards (treatment T3)”
t0“Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strain WB74 on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Concentration of Soybean”
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