Abstract
The accumulation of proline is one of the defense mechanisms of plants against the harmful effects of adverse environmental conditions; however, when pea plants were treated for 12 h with CdCl2, the proline concentration decreased in the youngest A (not expanded) and B1 (expanded) leaves, and did not change significantly in the B2 (mature, expanded) or C (the oldest) leaves. After 24 h of cadmium (Cd) stress, the proline concentration remained low in A and B1 leaves, while in B2 and C leaves, it increased, and after 48 h, an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves at each stage of development was observed. The role of proline in the different phases of plant response to the Cd treatment is discussed. Changes in proline accumulation corresponded closely with changes in the transcript levels of PsP5CS2, a gene encoding D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase involved in proline synthesis, and PsPDH1, a gene encoding proline dehydrogenase engaged in proline degradation. CdCl2 application induced the expression of PsProT1 and PsProT2, genes encoding proline transporters, especially during the first 12 h of treatment in A and B1 leaves. When the time courses of abscisic acid (ABA) and proline accumulation were compared, it was concluded that an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves of Cd-treated pea plants was more related to a decrease in chlorophyll concentration (leaves B2 and C) and an increase in the malondialdehyde level (A and B1 leaves) than with an increase in ABA concentration alone. Exogenous application of ABA (0.5, 5, 50 µM) significantly increased the proline concentration in the A leaves of pea plants only, and was accompanied by an elevated and repressed expression of PsP5CS2 and PsPDH1 in these leaves, respectively. The presented results suggest that under Cd stress, the accumulation of proline in leaves of pea plants may take place independently of the ABA signaling.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
After 12 h CdCl2 reduced proline in youngest A and B1 leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plants
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Organ / stage
- youngest A (not expanded) and B1 (expanded) leavese0
- Treatment
- CdCl2e0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 12 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when pea plants were treated for 12 h with CdCl2, the proline concentration decreased in the youngest A (not expanded) and B1 (expanded) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
After 12 h CdCl2 did not significantly change proline in B2 or C leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- B2 (mature, expanded) or C (the oldest) leavese0
- Treatment
- CdCl2e1
- Outcome
- proline concentrationt0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not change significantly in the B2 (mature, expanded) or C (the oldest) leaves”
t0“Proline Concentration and Its Metabolism Are Regulated in a Leaf Age Dependent Manner But Not by Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress”
e1“when pea plants were treated for 12 h with CdCl2, the proline concentration decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
After 24 h Cd stress proline remained low in A and B1 leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- A and B1 leavese0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- remained lowe0
- Qualifier
- 24 h of cadmium (Cd) stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 24 h of cadmium (Cd) stress, the proline concentration remained low in A and B1 leaves”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After 24 h Cd stress proline increased in B2 and C leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- B2 and C leavese0
- Treatment
- cadmium (Cd) stresse1
- Outcome
- proline concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in B2 and C leaves, it increased”
t0“Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress”
e1“After 24 h of cadmium (Cd) stress, the proline concentration remained low”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 h Cd stress proline increased at all leaf stages.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cadmium Stresst0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- after 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 48 h, an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves at each stage of development was observed”
t0“Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline accumulation changes corresponded closely with PsP5CS2 and PsPDH1 transcript changes.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Gene
- PsP5CS2e0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in proline accumulation corresponded closely with changes in the transcript levels of PsP5CS2, a gene encoding D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase involved in proline synthesis, and PsPDH1, a gene encoding proline dehydrogenase engaged in proline degradation”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CdCl2 induced PsProT1 and PsProT2 expression, especially early in A and B1 leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- A and B1 leavese0
- Treatment
- CdCl2 applicatione0
- Gene
- PsProT1 and PsProT2e0
- Outcome
- expression of PsProT1 and PsProT2e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CdCl2 application induced the expression of PsProT1 and PsProT2, genes encoding proline transporters, especially during the first 12 h of treatment in A and B1 leaves”
t0“Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Cd stress, proline increase related more to chlorophyll decrease in B2 and C than to ABA increase alone.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaves B2 and Ce0
- Compound
- chlorophylle0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves of Cd-treated pea plants was more related to a decrease in chlorophyll concentration (leaves B2 and C) and an increase in the malondialdehyde level (A and B1 leaves) than with an increase in ABA concentration alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Cd stress, proline increase related more to malondialdehyde increase in A and B1 than to ABA increase alone.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- A and B1 leavese0
- Compound
- malondialdehydee0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves of Cd-treated pea plants was more related to a decrease in chlorophyll concentration (leaves B2 and C) and an increase in the malondialdehyde level (A and B1 leaves) than with an increase in ABA concentration alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA significantly increased proline only in A leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- A leavese0
- Treatment
- ABA (0.5, 5, 50 µM)e0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of ABA (0.5, 5, 50 µM) significantly increased the proline concentration in the A leaves of pea plants only”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA elevated PsP5CS2 expression in A leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Abscisic Acidt0
- Gene
- PsP5CS2e0
- Outcome
- expression of PsP5CS2e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was accompanied by an elevated and repressed expression of PsP5CS2 and PsPDH1 in these leaves, respectively”
t0“Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA repressed PsPDH1 expression in A leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Abscisic Acidt0
- Gene
- PsPDH1e0
- Outcome
- PsPDH1e0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was accompanied by an elevated and repressed expression of PsP5CS2 and PsPDH1 in these leaves, respectively”
t0“Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest Cd-stress proline accumulation may be independent of ABA signaling.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of prolinee0
- Qualifier
- independently of the ABA signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under Cd stress, the accumulation of proline in leaves of pea plants may take place independently of the ABA signaling”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: osmolytes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
heavy metal · physiology: osmolytes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.