Abstract
Downy mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) is a major disease of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons. An increased K concentration in the fertigation solution increased SBDM severity, whereas foliar-applied KCl and K2SO4 suppressed SBDM. The application of higher concentrations of those salts increased the K concentrations in the shoots and significantly alleviated SBDM. Increased concentrations of Ca or Mg in the fertigation solution decreased SBDM severity, as did foliar-applied CaCl2. However, the combination of Ca and Mg did not have any synergistic effect. Foliar-applied K2SO4 provided better disease suppression than some of these treatments. The 3.3 mM Mg + fungicide treatment and the 5.0 mM Mg + fungicide treatment each provided synergistic disease control in one of two experiments. SBDM severity was significantly reduced by MgCl2 and MgSO4 (both 3.3 mM Mg), as compared with the basic Mg fertigation (1.6 mM), with MgCl2 providing better control. The combined Mg salts + fungicide treatments reduced SBDM better than any of those treatments alone. These results demonstrate that macro-elements can contribute to SBDM control.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the K concentration in the fertigation solution increased sweet basil downy mildew severity.
- Taxon
- Sweet Basil
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Treatment
- increased K concentration in the fertigation solutione2
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahrii
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Peronospora belbahriit0pathogen - Outcome
- SBDM severitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e2“An increased K concentration in the fertigation solution increased SBDM severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied KCl and K2SO4 suppressed sweet basil downy mildew.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied KCl and K2SO4e2
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDMe2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e2“foliar-applied KCl and K2SO4 suppressed SBDM”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher concentrations of the K salts increased K concentrations in the shoots of sweet basil.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of those saltse3
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- K concentrations in the shootse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e3“The application of higher concentrations of those salts increased the K concentrations in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher concentrations of the K salts significantly alleviated sweet basil downy mildew.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of those saltse3
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDMe3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e3“The application of higher concentrations of those salts increased the K concentrations in the shoots and significantly alleviated SBDM”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Ca concentration in the fertigation solution decreased sweet basil downy mildew severity.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Increased concentrations of Cae4
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDM severitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e4“Increased concentrations of Ca or Mg in the fertigation solution decreased SBDM severity, as did foliar-applied CaCl2”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Mg concentration in the fertigation solution decreased sweet basil downy mildew severity.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Mg in the fertigation solutione4
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDM severitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e4“Increased concentrations of Ca or Mg in the fertigation solution decreased SBDM severity, as did foliar-applied CaCl2”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied CaCl2 decreased sweet basil downy mildew severity.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied CaCl2e4
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDM severitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e4“Increased concentrations of Ca or Mg in the fertigation solution decreased SBDM severity, as did foliar-applied CaCl2”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining Ca and Mg had no synergistic effect on sweet basil downy mildew.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- combination of Ca and Mge5
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- synergistic effecte5
- Direction
- did not have anye5
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e5“the combination of Ca and Mg did not have any synergistic effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied K2SO4 gave better sweet basil disease suppression than some of the other treatments.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar-applied K2SO4e6
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease suppressione6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Comparator
- some of these treatmentse6
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e6“Foliar-applied K2SO4 provided better disease suppression than some of these treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3.3 mM Mg plus fungicide treatment gave synergistic sweet basil disease control in one of two experiments.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 3.3 mM Mg + fungicidee7
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle7
- Direction
- synergistice7
- Qualifier
- in one of two experimentse7
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e7“The 3.3 mM Mg + fungicide treatment and the 5.0 mM Mg + fungicide treatment each provided synergistic disease control in one of two experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The 5.0 mM Mg plus fungicide treatment gave synergistic sweet basil disease control in one of two experiments.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 5.0 mM Mg + fungicidee7
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle7
- Direction
- synergistice7
- Qualifier
- in one of two experimentse7
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e7“The 3.3 mM Mg + fungicide treatment and the 5.0 mM Mg + fungicide treatment each provided synergistic disease control in one of two experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
MgCl2 at 3.3 mM Mg significantly reduced sweet basil downy mildew severity compared with basic Mg fertigation.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- MgCl2e0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDM severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 3.3 mM Mge0
- Comparator
- basic Mg fertigation (1.6 mM)e0
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e0“SBDM severity was significantly reduced by MgCl2 and MgSO4 (both 3.3 mM Mg), as compared with the basic Mg fertigation (1.6 mM), with MgCl2 providing better control”
Claim · model-written summary
MgSO4 at 3.3 mM Mg significantly reduced sweet basil downy mildew severity compared with basic Mg fertigation.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- MgSO4e0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDM severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 3.3 mM Mge0
- Comparator
- basic Mg fertigation (1.6 mM)e0
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e0“SBDM severity was significantly reduced by MgCl2 and MgSO4 (both 3.3 mM Mg), as compared with the basic Mg fertigation (1.6 mM), with MgCl2 providing better control”
Claim · model-written summary
MgCl2 gave better sweet basil disease control than MgSO4 at 3.3 mM Mg.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- MgCl2e0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 3.3 mM Mge0
- Comparator
- MgSO4e0
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e0“SBDM severity was significantly reduced by MgCl2 and MgSO4 (both 3.3 mM Mg), as compared with the basic Mg fertigation (1.6 mM), with MgCl2 providing better control”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined Mg salts plus fungicide reduced sweet basil downy mildew better than any of those treatments alone.
- Taxon
- Sweet BasilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- combined Mg salts + fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- SBDMe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- any of those treatments alonee0
- Setting
- commercial-greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sweet Basil Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)”
e1“We examined the effects of potassium, calcium and magnesium, individually and in combination, on sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM) in potted plants and under commercial-greenhouse conditions over six growing seasons”
e0“The combined Mg salts + fungicide treatments reduced SBDM better than any of those treatments alone”
The same questions in other papers
magnesium atom · Peronospora belbahrii · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
fungicide · Peronospora belbahrii · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · Peronospora belbahrii · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.