Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an aromatic plant that is cultivated as a pot plant in greenhouses or in fields in the Czech Republic. The plants are intended for direct consumption or for drying. In April of 2012, the first large chlorotic from the middle necrotic spots occurred gradually on leaves of pot plants O. basilicum cv. Genovese in greenhouses in Central Bohemia. The characteristic gray to brown furry growth of downy mildew appeared on abaxial surfaces of leaves in the place of chlorotic spots within 3 to 4 days. The infested leaves fell off in the late stages of pathogenesis. The infestation gradually manifested itself in ever-younger plants and in July, cotyledons and possibly the first true leaves were already heavily infected and damaged and these plants rapidly died. The plant damage reached 80 to 100%, so it was necessary to stop growing the plants in the greenhouse at the end of July. The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines by means of morphological and molecular characters (2,3). Conidiophores were hyaline, straight, monopodial, 280 to 460 μm, branched three to five times, ended with two slightly curved branchlets with a single conidia on each branchled tip. The longer branchlets measured 13 to 24 μm (average 18.2 μm), the shorter one 4 to 15 μm (average 9.7 μm). Conidia were rounded or slightly ovoid, from brownish to dark brownish, measured 22 to 31 × 20 to 28 μm (length/width ratio 1.2). A pathogen-specific sequence was detected with the help of the pathogen ITS rDNA specific primers in symptomatic leaves (1). DNA from plant tissues was isolated using the DNeasy plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) following the standard protocol. PCR was performed using KAPA2G Robust HotStar kit (Kapa Biosystems, United States) according to the conditions recommended in Belbahri et al. (1). The specific products were visualized by electrophoresis through 1.5% agarose gels. Leaves of 20-day-old potted plants O. basilicum ‘Genovese’ were inoculated by spraying with 5 × 10 5 conidia/ml of the pathogen. Each pot contained 10 plants. Sterilized distilled water was applied to control plants. Plants were covered with polyethylene bags during the entire incubation period to maintain high humidity, and kept at a temperature of 22 to 24°C. Typical disease symptoms appeared on leaves 5 to 9 days after inoculation. Control plants were symptomless. P. belbahrii was re-isolated from the lesions of inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Downy mildew on sweet basil was reported in countries in Africa, Europe, and South and North America (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of downy mildew on sweet basil in the Czech Republic. References: (1) L. Belbahri et al. Mycol. Res. 109:1276, 2005. (2) Y.-J. Choi et al. Mycol. Res. 113:1340, 2009. (3) M. Thines et al. Mycol. Res. 113:532, 2009. (4) C. A. Wyenandt et al. HortScience 45:1416, 2010.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Peronospora belbahrii was identified as the causal agent of downy mildew on sweet basil cv. Genovese in greenhouses in Central Bohemia, the first report of this disease in the Czech Republic.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicume0 - Material
- cv. Genovesee1
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahrii
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Peronospora belbahriie2pathogen - Outcome
- first report of downy mildewe3
- Setting
- greenhouses in Central Bohemiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“pot plants O. basilicum cv. Genovese in greenhouses in Central Bohemia”
e2“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e3“this is the first report of downy mildew on sweet basil in the Czech Republic”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii damaged 80 to 100% of the sweet basil plants in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie2pathogen
- Outcome
- plant damagee4
- Value
- 80 to 100%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e2“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e4“The plant damage reached 80 to 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet basil plants inoculated by spraying with conidia developed typical downy mildew symptoms 5 to 9 days after inoculation, while sterilized-water control plants stayed symptomless.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- inoculated by spraying withe5
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Typical disease symptomse2
- Value
- 5 to 9 dayse2
- Comparator
- Sterilized distilled watere4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e2“Typical disease symptoms appeared on leaves 5 to 9 days after inoculation”
e3“Control plants were symptomless”
e4“Sterilized distilled water was applied to control plants”
e5“were inoculated by spraying with”
Claim · model-written summary
Peronospora belbahrii was re-isolated from the lesions of inoculated sweet basil plants.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- P. belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- re-isolatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“P. belbahrii was re-isolated from the lesions of inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidia of Peronospora belbahrii measured 22 to 31 × 20 to 28 μm on sweet basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidiae2
- Value
- 22 to 31 × 20 to 28 μme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e2“Conidia were rounded or slightly ovoid, from brownish to dark brownish, measured 22 to 31 × 20 to 28 μm”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidiophores of Peronospora belbahrii measured 280 to 460 μm.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidiophorese2
- Value
- 280 to 460 μme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e2“Conidiophores were hyaline, straight, monopodial, 280 to 460 μm”
Claim · model-written summary
The longer conidiophore branchlets of Peronospora belbahrii measured 13 to 24 μm (average 18.2 μm).
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- longer branchletse2
- Value
- 13 to 24 μm (average 18.2 μm)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e2“The longer branchlets measured 13 to 24 μm (average 18.2 μm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The shorter conidiophore branchlets of Peronospora belbahrii measured 4 to 15 μm (average 9.7 μm).
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- the shorter onee2
- Value
- 4 to 15 μm (average 9.7 μm)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e2“the shorter one 4 to 15 μm (average 9.7 μm)”
Claim · model-written summary
A pathogen-specific sequence of Peronospora belbahrii was detected by ITS rDNA primers in symptomatic sweet basil leaves.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leavese2
- Interactor
- Peronospora belbahriiPeronospora belbahriie1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen-specific sequencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)”
e1“The causal agent was isolated and identified as Peronospora belbahrii Thines”
e2“A pathogen-specific sequence was detected with the help of the pathogen ITS rDNA specific primers in symptomatic leaves”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Peronospora belbahrii · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
application · Peronospora belbahrii · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.