Abstract
The impact of long-term continuous cropping on the Fusarium population abundance and diversity,pathogenicity and phylogeny in soybean field were analyzed by using isolation,morphological identification,pathogenicity test,sequencing analysis and molecular marker with restricted fragment length polymorphisms( RFLP). The soybean field was located at the Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Northeast China and had been under a long-term rotation experiment designed to two treatments,i. e.,long-term continuous cropping( LCC) of soybean for 20 years and short-term continuous cropping( SCC) for 3 years. In SCC field,the population density of Fusarium spp. was 6. 0 ×104CFU·g-1,in which F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. verticillioides possessing high pathogenicity and F. solani possessing moderate pathogenicity were the dominant species. In LCC field,the population density of Fusarium population and the dominance index of dominant species were significantly lower than that in SCC. The population density of F. oxysporum,F. graminearum and F. solani were only 36%,32% and 22% of that in SCC,and F. verticillioide with highest pathogenicity was absent. The diversity and evenness index of Fusarium population were significantly higher than that in SCC. F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. avenaceum,just isolated from LCC,possessing a distant genetic relationship with Fusarium isolates possessing high pathogenicity based on internal transcribed spacer( ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha( EF-1α) gene,were non-pathogenicity for soybean. Thus,it seemed that LCC of soybean could cause the inhibition of soil Fusarium population size,alteration of Fusarium community composition and genetic diversity,and even the decline of pathogenicity for soybean root rot disease of Fusarium population.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In the short-term continuous cropping soybean field the Fusarium spp. population density was 6.0 x 10^4 CFU per g.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- SCCe0
- Outcome
- population density of Fusarium spp.e0
- Value
- 6. 0 ×104CFU·g-1e0
FusariumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“In SCC field,the population density of Fusarium spp. was 6. 0 ×104CFU·g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
In the short-term continuous cropping field, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. verticillioides (high pathogenicity) and F. solani (moderate pathogenicity) were the dominant species.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Outcome
- dominant speciese1
- Qualifier
- possessing high pathogenicitye1
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. verticillioides possessing high pathogenicity and F. solani possessing moderate pathogenicity were the dominant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term continuous cropping significantly lowered the Fusarium population density and the dominance index of dominant species compared with short-term continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- LCCe2
- Outcome
- population density of Fusarium population and the dominance index of dominant speciese2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- SCCe2
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e2“In LCC field,the population density of Fusarium population and the dominance index of dominant species were significantly lower than that in SCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Under long-term continuous cropping the population density of F. oxysporum was only 36% of that under short-term cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- LCCe3
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume4pathogen
- Outcome
- population densitye4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Value
- 36%e4
- Comparator
- SCCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e3“In LCC field”
e4“The population density of F. oxysporum,F. graminearum and F. solani were only 36%,32% and 22% of that in SCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Under long-term continuous cropping the population density of F. graminearum was only 32% of that under short-term cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- LCCe3
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume4pathogen - Outcome
- population densitye4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Value
- 32%e4
- Comparator
- SCCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e3“In LCC field”
e4“The population density of F. oxysporum,F. graminearum and F. solani were only 36%,32% and 22% of that in SCC”
Claim · model-written summary
Under long-term continuous cropping the population density of F. solani was only 22% of that under short-term cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- LCCe3
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie4pathogen - Outcome
- population densitye4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Value
- 22%e4
- Comparator
- SCCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e3“In LCC field”
e4“The population density of F. oxysporum,F. graminearum and F. solani were only 36%,32% and 22% of that in SCC”
Claim · model-written summary
F. verticillioide, the most pathogenic species, was absent in the long-term continuous cropping field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidee5pathogen
- Outcome
- absente5
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e5“F. verticillioide with highest pathogenicity was absent”
Claim · model-written summary
The diversity and evenness indices of the Fusarium population were significantly higher under long-term than short-term continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- diversity and evenness index of Fusarium populatione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- SCCe6
Not reportedTreatmentValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e6“The diversity and evenness index of Fusarium population were significantly higher than that in SCC”
Claim · model-written summary
F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. avenaceum were isolated only from the long-term continuous cropping field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- LCCe7
- Interactor
- F. tricinctumFusarium tricinctume7other
- Outcome
- just isolated from LCCe7
Not reportedComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e7“F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. avenaceum,just isolated from LCC”
Claim · model-written summary
The species found only under long-term cropping were distantly related genetically to highly pathogenic Fusarium isolates, based on ITS and EF-1 alpha sequences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- distant genetic relationshipe1
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“possessing a distant genetic relationship with Fusarium isolates possessing high pathogenicity”
Claim · model-written summary
These Fusarium species were non-pathogenic to soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- non-pathogenicitye0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were non-pathogenicity for soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that long-term continuous soybean cropping seemed to inhibit soil Fusarium population size, alter community composition and genetic diversity, and even decrease pathogenicity of the Fusarium population for soybean root rot.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- LCCe0
- Outcome
- inhibition of soil Fusarium population size,alteration of Fusarium community composition and genetic diversitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it seemed that LCC of soybean could cause the inhibition of soil Fusarium population size,alteration of Fusarium community composition and genetic diversity,and even the decline of pathogenicity for soybean root rot disease of Fusarium population”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · Fusarium oxysporum · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
rotation · Fusarium solani · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
rotation · Fusarium · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.