Abstract
Underwood) was investigated over 4 years in three field experiments. Each experiment consisted of one-, two-, or three-fungicide application timings at tassel, milk, or dent growth stages with quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), demethylation inhibitor (DMI), or QoI + DMI fungicides. Each year trace amounts of southern rust were observed in the field at tassel, except in 2018, when rust was not observed until physiological maturity. Southern rust severity on ear leaf and two leaves above the ear leaf was approximately 50, 35, 75, and 0% at dent in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Applications that contained a QoI or QoI + DMI fungicide provided greater southern rust control than DMI fungicides, with little variation within fungicide classes. Applications of QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel provided greater disease control (52.5%) than those applied at milk (5.8%) or dent (1.4%), and greater yield protection (40.4%) than those applied at milk (23.7%) or dent (2.6%) when final rust development was severe (>40%). When rust development increased later in the season, after milk growth stage, a trend of better disease control was observed with fungicides applied at milk (57.8%) compared with tassel (35.2%), but grain yield protection was similar, with an average yield protection of 7.4%. There was no yield benefit with fungicides applied in the absence of disease or at the dent growth stage. Southern rust was most effectively managed with QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel when southern rust was present and environmental conditions favored rust development.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides gave greater southern rust control than DMI fungicides.
- Taxon
- hybrid corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- QoI or QoI + DMI fungicidee1
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- southern rust controle1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- DMI fungicidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e1“Applications that contained a QoI or QoI + DMI fungicide provided greater southern rust control than DMI fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel gave greater disease control (52.5%) than applications at milk or dent.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassele2
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 52.5%e2
- Qualifier
- dent (1.4%)e2
- Comparator
- milke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e2“Applications of QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel provided greater disease control (52.5%) than those applied at milk (5.8%) or dent (1.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel gave greater yield protection (40.4%) than applications at milk when final rust development was severe.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassele2
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- yield protectione3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- 40.4%e3
- Qualifier
- when final rust development was severe (>40%)e3
- Comparator
- milke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e2“Applications of QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel provided greater disease control (52.5%) than those applied at milk (5.8%) or dent (1.4%)”
e3“and greater yield protection (40.4%) than those applied at milk (23.7%) or dent (2.6%) when final rust development was severe (>40%)”
Claim · model-written summary
When rust development increased late in the season, fungicides applied at milk gave better disease control (57.8%) than fungicides applied at tassel.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fungicides applied at milke4
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Value
- 57.8%e4
- Qualifier
- a trende4
- Comparator
- tassele4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e4“When rust development increased later in the season, after milk growth stage, a trend of better disease control was observed with fungicides applied at milk (57.8%) compared with tassel (35.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield protection was similar, with an average protection of 7.4%.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yield protectione5
- Value
- 7.4%e5
- Qualifier
- was similare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e5“but grain yield protection was similar, with an average yield protection of 7.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides applied in the absence of disease gave no yield benefit.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fungicides applied in the absence of diseasee6
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- yield benefite6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e6“There was no yield benefit with fungicides applied in the absence of disease or at the dent growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides applied at the dent growth stage gave no yield benefit.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- at the dent growth stagee6
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- yield benefite6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e6“There was no yield benefit with fungicides applied in the absence of disease or at the dent growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel most effectively managed southern rust when it was present and environmental conditions favored rust development.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassele7
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Southern ruste7
- Direction
- most effectivelye7
- Qualifier
- when southern rust was present and environmental conditions favored rust developmente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e7“Southern rust was most effectively managed with QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel when southern rust was present and environmental conditions favored rust development”
Claim · model-written summary
Southern rust severity on the ear leaf and the two leaves above it was approximately 50, 35, 75 and 0% at dent in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- ear leafe1
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Southern rust severitye1
- Value
- approximately 50, 35, 75, and 0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e1“Southern rust severity on ear leaf and two leaves above the ear leaf was approximately 50, 35, 75, and 0% at dent in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018”
Claim · model-written summary
Trace amounts of southern rust were observed in the field at tassel each year.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- southern rustt0pathogen
- Outcome
- southern ruste1
- Value
- trace amountse1
- Setting
- in the fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas”
e1“Each year trace amounts of southern rust were observed in the field at tassel”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →fungicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →fungicide · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →stage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
94 papers more in this group
See all 98 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.