Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of wheat and corn grain from Fusaria is a major agricultural concern. To characterize the population of Fusarium in Michigan, 569 isolates were collected, and species composition, TRI genotype, in vitro fungicide sensitivity, and fungicide field efficacy were determined. In wheat, the Fusarium sambucinum species complex comprised 90% of isolates, of which 82.5% of all isolates were F. graminearum. In corn, the F. sambucinum species complex comprised 40%, with 37% identified as F. graminearum, whereas species from the F. fujikuroi species complex comprised 50%. Within the F. fujikuroi complex, F. awaxy (4.6%) was found and had not previously been identified in the United States. Across F. graminearum isolates, TRI genotypes were found at the following percentages: 92% 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 6% 3-ADON, 1.6% NX-2, and no NIV. In vitro mycelial growth sensitivity assays to triazole fungicides demonstrated that Fusaria were more sensitive to metconazole than to tebuconazole or prothioconazole. Species-specific differences in sensitivity were identified across the fungicides tested, with F. tricinctum species complex members significantly less sensitive than F. graminearum isolates, and the F. fujikuroi species complex was significantly more sensitive. Within F. graminearum, 10 isolates had median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values 10-fold greater than sensitive isolates. A subset of these F. graminearum isolates were chosen to investigate if reduced sensitivity in vitro would lead to practical resistance in vivo. Field plots were inoculated with spore suspensions; however, no differences in the relative fungicide efficacy were found, signaling that no demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistance was identified in our collected isolates, despite differences in vitro. Although currently, there may not be practical resistance, monitoring should continue, as there is variation in in vitro sensitivities present within and among species.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The F. sambucinum complex comprised 90% of wheat isolates.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Fusarium sambucinum species complexFusarium sambucinum species complexe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium sambucinum species complexe0
- Value
- 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, the Fusarium sambucinum species complex comprised 90% of isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
F. graminearum comprised 82.5% of wheat isolates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- F. graminearume0
- Value
- 82.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“82.5% of all isolates were F. graminearum”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The F. sambucinum complex comprised 40% of corn isolates.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Interactor
- F. sambucinum species complexFusarium sambucinume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. sambucinum species complexe0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In corn, the F. sambucinum species complex comprised 40%”
Claim · model-written summary
F. graminearum comprised 37% of corn isolates.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. graminearume0
- Value
- 37%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“37% identified as F. graminearum”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The F. fujikuroi complex comprised 50% of corn isolates.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. fujikuroi species complex
Fusarium fujikuroie0pathogen - Outcome
- F. fujikuroi species complexe0
- Value
- 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“species from the F. fujikuroi species complex comprised 50%”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
F. awaxy comprised 4.6% and was newly identified in the United States.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. awaxyFusarium awaxye0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. awaxye0
- Value
- 4.6%e0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. awaxy (4.6%) was found and had not previously been identified in the United States”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) was found at 92% among F. graminearum isolates.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON)e0
- Value
- 92%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“92% 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 6% 3-ADON, 1.6% NX-2, and no NIV”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
e1“Across F. graminearum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
3-ADON was found at 6% among F. graminearum isolates.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- 3-ADONe0
- Value
- 6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“92% 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 6% 3-ADON, 1.6% NX-2, and no NIV”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
e1“Across F. graminearum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
NX-2 was found at 1.6% among F. graminearum isolates.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- NX-2e0
- Value
- 1.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“92% 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 6% 3-ADON, 1.6% NX-2, and no NIV”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
e1“Across F. graminearum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
No NIV genotype was detected.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- NIVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no NIV”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
e1“Across F. graminearum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusaria were more sensitive to metconazole than to two other triazoles.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Fusariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusaria were more sensitivee0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- tebuconazole or prothioconazolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusaria were more sensitive to metconazole than to tebuconazole or prothioconazole.”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
F. tricinctum complex members were significantly less fungicide sensitive than F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. tricinctum species complexFusarium tricinctume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. tricinctum species complex memberse0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Comparator
- F. graminearum isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. tricinctum species complex members significantly less sensitive than F. graminearum isolates”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The F. fujikuroi complex was significantly more fungicide sensitive.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. fujikuroi species complexFusarium fujikuroie0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. fujikuroi species complexe0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the F. fujikuroi species complex was significantly more sensitive”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten F. graminearum isolates had tenfold greater EC50 values.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- median effective concentration (EC 50 ) valuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 10-folde0
- Comparator
- sensitive isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 isolates had median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values 10-fold greater than sensitive isolates”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
e1“Across F. graminearum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Field plots showed no difference in relative fungicide efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Outcome
- relative fungicide efficacye0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in the relative fungicide efficacy were found”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found no practical demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistance.
- Taxon
- wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistancee0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistance was identified in our collected isolates”
t0“Wheat and Corn”
e1“To characterize the population of Fusarium in Michigan”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →fungicide · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.