Abstract
Aerobic rice system can be an alternate way to cultivate rice in less water conditions. However, weeds are a major constrain in aerobic rice field which decline its success. Weeds are being controlled by herbicides in aerobic rice but not all herbicides are effective in controlling various types of weeds. In this study, two pre-emergent (pretilachor and pendimethalin) and two post-emergent (cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium) herbicides were evaluated for effective control of the bioassay species, Eleusine indica. It was found that pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ strongly inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by >75% with negligible effect on the rice growth with stimulation on the leaf greenness. Conversely, pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium gave moderate inhibition (55-60% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 0.44, 0.1 and 0.035 kg ai ha⁻¹, respectively. Significant inhibitory effects on rice root growth were noticed at highest application rates of pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium (40-50% inhibition) across the growth stage of rice seedlings. Great reduction in shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and greenness of rice plant also was evident at 0 DAS across herbicides rates. However, with increasing growth stages, the rice plant became less susceptible to the applied treatments. The finding suggested that pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ was the most suitable application rate for inhibiting E. indica without injuring the rice seedlings.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin inhibited E. indica emergence and shoot growth by over 75%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹e0
- Interactor
- E. indica
Eleusine indicae0weed - Outcome
- emergence and shoot growth of E. indicae0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- >75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ strongly inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by >75% with negligible effect on the rice growth with stimulation on the leaf greenness”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin had negligible effect on rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- negligible effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ strongly inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by >75% with negligible effect on the rice growth with stimulation on the leaf greenness”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin stimulated rice leaf greenness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- leaf greennesse0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at a higher application rate of 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ strongly inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by >75% with negligible effect on the rice growth with stimulation on the leaf greenness”
Claim · model-written summary
pretilachor moderately inhibited weed emergence and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pretilachore0
- Interactor
- eleusine indicaEleusine indicat1weed
- Outcome
- weed emergence and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 55-60% inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium gave moderate inhibition (55-60% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 0.44, 0.1 and 0.035 kg ai ha⁻¹, respectively”
t0“rice system”
t1“eleusine indica”
Claim · model-written summary
cyhalofop-butyl moderately inhibited weed emergence and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cyhalofop-butyle0
- Interactor
- eleusine indicaEleusine indicat1weed
- Outcome
- weed emergence and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 55-60% inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium gave moderate inhibition (55-60% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 0.44, 0.1 and 0.035 kg ai ha⁻¹, respectively”
t0“rice system”
t1“eleusine indica”
Claim · model-written summary
bispyribac-sodium moderately inhibited weed emergence and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bispyribac-sodiume0
- Interactor
- eleusine indicaEleusine indicat1weed
- Outcome
- weed emergence and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 55-60% inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium gave moderate inhibition (55-60% inhibition) on weed emergence and shoot growth at higher application rates of 0.44, 0.1 and 0.035 kg ai ha⁻¹, respectively”
t0“rice system”
t1“eleusine indica”
Claim · model-written summary
pretilachor significantly inhibited rice root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pretilachore0
- Outcome
- rice root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Value
- 40-50% inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- highest application ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant inhibitory effects on rice root growth were noticed at highest application rates of pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium (40-50% inhibition) across the growth stage of rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
cyhalofop-butyl significantly inhibited rice root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cyhalofop-butyle0
- Outcome
- rice root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Value
- 40-50% inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- highest application ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant inhibitory effects on rice root growth were noticed at highest application rates of pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium (40-50% inhibition) across the growth stage of rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
bispyribac-sodium significantly inhibited rice root growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bispyribac-sodiume0
- Outcome
- rice root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
- Value
- 40-50% inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- highest application ratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant inhibitory effects on rice root growth were noticed at highest application rates of pretilachor, cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium (40-50% inhibition) across the growth stage of rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced rice shoot height, fresh weight, and greenness at 0 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and greenness of rice plante0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- 0 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Great reduction in shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and greenness of rice plant also was evident at 0 DAS across herbicides rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice became less susceptible to herbicide treatments at later growth stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- increasing growth stagese0
- Outcome
- susceptible to the applied treatmentse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with increasing growth stages, the rice plant became less susceptible to the applied treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ for weed suppression without rice injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹e0
- Interactor
- E. indicaEleusine indicae0weed
- Outcome
- inhibiting E. indica without injuring the rice seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ai ha⁻¹ was the most suitable application rate for inhibiting E. indica without injuring the rice seedlings”
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herbicide · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.