Abstract
Weeds with allelopathic effect have been reported to cause significant damage in agriculture particularly in smallholder farming systems. This study assessed the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of crude extract of a noxious weed Sphaeranthus suaveolens on seed germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa by examining germination, seedling height, and total chlorophyll content after seven and fourteen days of crude extract treatment, respectively. Results showed that seed germination and seedling growth were significantly ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>p</a:mi> <a:mo><</a:mo> <a:mn>0.001</a:mn> </a:math> ) decreased with increase in concentration of crude extract, signifying concentration dependency. Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts resulted in 90% and 100% inhibition of P. vulgaris and O. sativa seed germination, respectively. Chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and root and shoot length of both P. vulgaris and O. sativa were also significantly ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> <c:mo><</c:mo> <c:mn>0.001</c:mn> </c:math> ) affected by highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts. Results from this study suggest that the extract of S. suaveolens contains water-soluble allelochemicals which significantly reduce growth and productivity of P. vulgaris and O. sativa.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% S. suaveolens crude extract inhibited P. vulgaris seed germination by 90%.
- Taxon
- P. vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extractse0
- Interactor
- S. suaveolensSphaeranthus suaveolense0weed
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts resulted in 90% and 100% inhibition of P. vulgaris and O. sativa seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% S. suaveolens crude extract inhibited O. sativa seed germination by 100%.
- Taxon
- O. sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extractse0
- Interactor
- S. suaveolensSphaeranthus suaveolense0weed
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts resulted in 90% and 100% inhibition of P. vulgaris and O. sativa seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa decreased as crude extract concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativaPhaseolus vulgarisOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- crude extracte6
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe1
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- concentration dependencye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Allelopathic Effects of Sphaeranthus suaveolens on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa”
e1“seed germination and seedling growth were significantly”
e6“decreased with increase in concentration of crude extract”
e2“signifying concentration dependency”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest S. suaveolens extract concentration significantly affected chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and root and shoot length of P. vulgaris and O. sativa.
- Taxon
- P. vulgaris and O. sativaPhaseolus vulgarisOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extractse4
- Interactor
- S. suaveolensSphaeranthus suaveolense4weed
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and root and shoot lengthe3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and root and shoot length of both P. vulgaris and O. sativa were also significantly”
e4“affected by highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble allelochemicals in S. suaveolens extract are suggested to reduce growth and productivity of P. vulgaris and O. sativa.
- Taxon
- P. vulgaris and O. sativaPhaseolus vulgarisOryza sativae5
- Interactor
- S. suaveolensSphaeranthus suaveolense5weed
- Compound
- water-soluble allelochemicalse5
- Outcome
- growth and productivitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the extract of S. suaveolens contains water-soluble allelochemicals which significantly reduce growth and productivity of P. vulgaris and O. sativa”
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