Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the major environmental heavy metal pollutants, known as being neither essential nor beneficial for any living organisms, and which is detrimental to plant fitness, growth, and productivity, as well as human health. This study investigated the changes in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of rice cultivars exposed to lead (Pb). Therefore, soil was contaminated with a solution containing 0.6 mM or 1.2 mM Pb four weeks prior to transplanting. Then, 4-week-old rice seedlings of Tunnae, Ilmi, Yasmen, Mashkab, and Amber Barka were transplanted into the contaminated soil and grown until maturity. The results showed that a high concentration of lead (1.2 mM) induced significant reduction in the plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles per plant, and the number of spikelets per panicle in Pb-sensitive rice cultivars, while in Pb-tolerant cultivars, a balanced growth of plants and non-significant change in the major yield components were recorded. However, all rice cultivars showed a reduced biomass dry weight. Under the same conditions, we observed a differential enzymatic antioxidant activity, with catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) being the most active. In addition, the proline accumulation and sucrose content increased concomitant with an increase in the Pb concentration, while the total protein and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased. Of all the soluble sugars analyzed, sucrose was the most abundant in response to Pb treatment. Interestingly, the rice cultivars Tunnae and Mashkab exhibited a high degree of tolerance towards Pb stress, with a balanced plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, and number of spikelets per plant. Therefore, all results collectively suggest that the tolerance to Pb-induced oxidative stress observed in Tunnae and Mashkab could be a result of a synergetic action of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, leading to a balanced reduction–oxidation status in rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.2 mM Pb, plant height and tiller number significantly fell in Pb-sensitive rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Pb-sensitive rice cultivarse0
- Treatment
- lead (1.2 mM)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of tillerse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high concentration of lead (1.2 mM) induced significant reduction in the plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles per plant, and the number of spikelets per panicle in Pb-sensitive rice cultivars”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.2 mM Pb, panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle significantly fell in Pb-sensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pb-sensitive rice cultivarse0
- Treatment
- lead (1.2 mM)e0
- Outcome
- number of panicles per plant, and the number of spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high concentration of lead (1.2 mM) induced significant reduction in the plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles per plant, and the number of spikelets per panicle in Pb-sensitive rice cultivars”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb-tolerant cultivars maintained balanced growth and major yield components showed nonsignificant change.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pb-tolerant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- major yield componentse0
- Direction
- non-significant changee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Pb-tolerant cultivars, a balanced growth of plants and non-significant change in the major yield components were recorded”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All rice cultivars showed reduced dry biomass under lead exposure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- biomass dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all rice cultivars showed a reduced biomass dry weight”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase and peroxidase were the most active enzymatic antioxidants under lead exposure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)e0
- Outcome
- enzymatic antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- most activee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we observed a differential enzymatic antioxidant activity, with catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) being the most active”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline accumulation and sucrose content increased with Pb concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pb concentratione0
- Outcome
- proline accumulation and sucrose contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the proline accumulation and sucrose content increased concomitant with an increase in the Pb concentration”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total protein and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased under Pb exposure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- total protein and chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total protein and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose was the most abundant soluble sugar in response to Pb.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pb treatmente0
- Outcome
- sucrose was the most abundante0
- Direction
- most abundante0
- Comparator
- all the soluble sugars analyzede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of all the soluble sugars analyzed, sucrose was the most abundant in response to Pb treatment”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tunnae and Mashkab showed high tolerance to Pb stress with balanced height, tillers, panicles and spikelets.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Tunnae and Mashkabe0
- Treatment
- Pb stresse0
- Outcome
- high degree of tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice cultivars Tunnae and Mashkab exhibited a high degree of tolerance towards Pb stress, with a balanced plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, and number of spikelets per plant”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems may jointly explain tolerance and balanced redox status in Tunnae and Mashkab.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Tunnae and Mashkabe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to Pb-induced oxidative stresse0
- Qualifier
- synergetic action of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tolerance to Pb-induced oxidative stress observed in Tunnae and Mashkab could be a result of a synergetic action of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, leading to a balanced reduction–oxidation status in rice”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.