Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen (N) influences a myriad of physiological processes while its effects on plant defences and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the interaction between tomato and pathogens was examined under four N regimes (sole NO 3 − or mixed NO 3 − /NH 4 + of total 1 and 7 mM N, denoting low and high N regimes, respectively) followed by inoculation with two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum . Tomato immunity against both pathogens was generally higher under low N as well as NO 3 − as the sole N source. The disease susceptibility was reduced by silencing N metabolism genes such as NR , NiR and Fd‐GOGAT , while increased in NiR1 ‐overexpressed plants. Further studies demonstrated that the N‐modulated defence was dependent on the salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway. Low N as well as the silencing of N metabolism genes increased the SA levels and transcripts of its maker genes, and low N‐enhanced defence was blocked in NahG transgenic tomato plants that do not accumulate SA, while exogenous SA application attenuated the susceptibility of OE‐ NiR1 . The study provides insights into the mechanisms of how nitrogen fertilization and metabolism affect plant immunity in tomato, which might be useful for designing effective agronomic strategies for the management of N supply.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato immunity against two bacterial pathogens was generally higher under low N and NO3- as the sole N source than under high N regimes.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- low N as well as NO 3 − as the sole N sourcee1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- immunity against both pathogense1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- high N regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e0“denoting low and high N regimes, respectively) followed by inoculation with two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum”
e1“Tomato immunity against both pathogens was generally higher under low N as well as NO 3 − as the sole N source”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing N metabolism genes reduced disease susceptibility of tomato to bacterial pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencing N metabolism genese2
- Interactor
- bacterial pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease susceptibilitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e0“denoting low and high N regimes, respectively) followed by inoculation with two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum”
e2“The disease susceptibility was reduced by silencing N metabolism genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of NiR1 increased disease susceptibility of tomato to bacterial pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NiR1 ‐overexpressed plantse3
- Interactor
- bacterial pathogense0pathogen
- Gene
- NiR1e3
- Outcome
- disease susceptibilitye2
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e0“denoting low and high N regimes, respectively) followed by inoculation with two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum”
e2“The disease susceptibility was reduced by silencing N metabolism genes”
e3“while increased in NiR1 ‐overexpressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N and silencing of N metabolism genes increased SA levels and transcripts of SA marker genes in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Low N as well as the silencing of N metabolism genese4
- Outcome
- SA levels and transcripts of its maker genese4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e4“Low N as well as the silencing of N metabolism genes increased the SA levels and transcripts of its maker genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N-enhanced defence was blocked in NahG transgenic tomato plants that do not accumulate SA.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- NahG transgenic tomato plantse5
- Treatment
- Low Ne4
- Gene
- NahGe5
- Outcome
- defencee6
- Direction
- blockede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e4“Low N as well as the silencing of N metabolism genes increased the SA levels and transcripts of its maker genes”
e5“was blocked in NahG transgenic tomato plants that do not accumulate SA”
e6“was dependent on the salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
N-modulated defence in tomato depends on the salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- salicylic acid (SA)e6
- Outcome
- defencee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e6“was dependent on the salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA application attenuated the susceptibility of OE-NiR1 tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous SA applicatione7
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye7
- Direction
- attenuatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato”
e7“exogenous SA application attenuated the susceptibility”
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