Abstract
. Previously, we reported that flowering in growth-chamber grown chrysanthemum with red (R) and blue (B) LED-light could also be induced in long photoperiods by applying only blue light during the last 4h of 15h long-days. This study investigates the possibility to induce flowering by extending short-days in greenhouses with 4h of blue light. Furthermore, flower induction after 4h of red light extension was tested after short-days RB-LED light in a growth-chamber and after natural solar light in a greenhouse. Plants were grown at 11h of sole source RB light (60:40) in a growth-chamber or solar light in the greenhouse (short-days). Additionally, plants were grown under long-days, which either consisted of short-days as described above extended with 4h of B or R light to long-days or of 15h continuous RB light or natural solar light. Flower initiation and normal capitulum development occurred in the blue-extended long-days in the growth-chamber after 11h of sole source RB, similarly as in short-days. However, when the blue extension was applied after 11h of full-spectrum solar light in a greenhouse, no flower initiation occurred. With red-extended long-days after 11h RB (growth-chamber) flower initiation occurred, but capitulum development was hindered. No flower initiation occurred in red-extended long-days in the greenhouse. These results indicate that multiple components of the daylight spectrum influence different phases in photoperiodic flowering in chrysanthemum in a time-dependent manner. This research shows that smart use of LED-light can open avenues for a more efficient year-round cultivation of chrysanthemum by circumventing the short-day requirement for flowering when applied in emerging vertical farm or plant factories that operate without natural solar light. In current year-round greenhouses' production, however, extension of the natural solar light during the first 11 h of the photoperiod with either red or blue sole LED light, did inhibit flowering.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Blue extension after RB light in the growth chamber allowed flower initiation and normal capitulum development, as under short days.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- blue-extended long-dayse0
- Outcome
- Flower initiation and normal capitulum developmente0
- Comparator
- short-dayse0
- Setting
- growth-chambere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Flower initiation and normal capitulum development occurred in the blue-extended long-days in the growth-chamber after 11h of sole source RB, similarly as in short-days”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue extension after solar light in the greenhouse did not initiate flowers.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- blue extensione0
- Outcome
- no flower initiatione0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the blue extension was applied after 11h of full-spectrum solar light in a greenhouse, no flower initiation occurred”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Red extension after RB light in the growth chamber initiated flowers.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- red-extended long-dayse0
- Outcome
- flower initiation occurrede0
- Setting
- growth-chambere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With red-extended long-days after 11h RB (growth-chamber) flower initiation occurred, but capitulum development was hindered”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Red extension after RB light in the growth chamber hindered capitulum development.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- red-extended long-dayse0
- Outcome
- capitulum development was hinderede0
- Setting
- growth-chambere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With red-extended long-days after 11h RB (growth-chamber) flower initiation occurred, but capitulum development was hindered”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Red extension in the greenhouse did not initiate flowers.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- red-extended long-dayse0
- Outcome
- No flower initiatione0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No flower initiation occurred in red-extended long-days in the greenhouse”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Red or blue extension after natural daylight inhibited flowering in year-round greenhouse production.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- red or blue sole LED lighte0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extension of the natural solar light during the first 11 h of the photoperiod with either red or blue sole LED light, did inhibit flowering”
t0“Chrysanthemum”
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