Abstract
It is known that biochar application as soil fertilizer lead to reduce N loss. At the same time because of its porosity biochar is high quality substrate for immobilization microorganisms. The practice of using free-living N fixing bacteria (FLNFB) in organic farming is widely used to increase the nitrogen content in the soil. In this study immobilisation FLNFB on two types of biochar (made of chicken manure and sewage sludge) was applied to increase soil quality and crop productivity. The effectiveness of immobilization has been proven using SEM method: biofilms of FLNFB on the porous surface of both types of biochars are visible in the SEM images. The effectiveness of application 1% by mass biochar with FLNFB was estimated during 30 days vegetation experiment in greenhouse conditions by estimating the chemical composition of the soil (pH, CEC, OM, Corg, Ntot), by estimating change the functional activity of the soil microbial community (soil respiration activity, leucine aminopeptidase enzyme activity), by estimating change the structure of the microbial community (qPCR were used to analyze nifH and 16S rRNA genes in order to study the total count of bacterial and fungi), by estimating change the plants characteristics (chlorophyll content, germination, root and shoot length, biomass). It was found that application biochar with FLNFB lead to higher content of Ntot (0.11-0.19%) in soil in the end of the experiment as comparing than that for soil samples with mineral fertilizer ( 0.09%) and control soil (0.08%). The application biochar with FLNFB lead to significantly increase nifH-genes in soil. The soil leucine aminopeptidase and respiration activity have a similar trend for samples with and without biochar. The use of biochar as fertilizer led to increase chlorophyll content (13-22%) and barley biomass (10-84%) and decrease the length of the root (3-33%) in comparison with the control soil.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria formed visible biofilms on both biochar types.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Interactor
- FLNFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- biofilms of FLNFBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“biofilms of FLNFB on the porous surface of both types of biochars are visible in the SEM images”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with FLNFB produced higher soil total nitrogen than mineral fertilizer and control soil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- biochar with FLNFBe0
- Interactor
- FLNFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of Ntote0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.11-0.19%e0
- Qualifier
- control soil (0.08%)e0
- Comparator
- soil samples with mineral fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application biochar with FLNFB lead to higher content of Ntot (0.11-0.19%) in soil in the end of the experiment as comparing than that for soil samples with mineral fertilizer ( 0.09%) and control soil (0.08%)”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with FLNFB significantly increased soil nifH gene abundance.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- biochar with FLNFBe0
- Interactor
- FLNFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nifH-genes in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application biochar with FLNFB lead to significantly increase nifH-genes in soil”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil leucine aminopeptidase activity had similar trends with and without biochar.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- soil leucine aminopeptidasee0
- Direction
- similar trende0
- Comparator
- without biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil leucine aminopeptidase and respiration activity have a similar trend for samples with and without biochar”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil respiration activity had similar trends with and without biochar.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- respiration activitye0
- Direction
- similar trende0
- Comparator
- without biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil leucine aminopeptidase and respiration activity have a similar trend for samples with and without biochar”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased chlorophyll content by 13–22% relative to control soil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- biochar as fertilizere0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13-22%e0
- Comparator
- control soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biochar as fertilizer led to increase chlorophyll content (13-22%) and barley biomass (10-84%) and decrease the length of the root (3-33%) in comparison with the control soil”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased barley biomass by 10–84% relative to control soil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- biochar as fertilizere0
- Outcome
- barley biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10-84%e0
- Comparator
- control soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biochar as fertilizer led to increase chlorophyll content (13-22%) and barley biomass (10-84%) and decrease the length of the root (3-33%) in comparison with the control soil”
e1“barley biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar decreased barley root length by 3–33% relative to control soil.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- biochar as fertilizere0
- Outcome
- length of the roote0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 3-33%e0
- Comparator
- control soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of biochar as fertilizer led to increase chlorophyll content (13-22%) and barley biomass (10-84%) and decrease the length of the root (3-33%) in comparison with the control soil”
e1“barley biomass”
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