Abstract
Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight disease, threatens a lot of species of the Rosaceae family. Antibiotics and copper compounds in chemical applications are most frequently are applied, but these can be phytotoxic and cause resistant strains of the pathogen. In our experiments, 20 herbal materials were tested for their antimicrobial effectiveness against the fire blight pathogen in vitro and in planta. The air-dried plants ground into fine powder and extraction was performed at room temperature by maceration with 80% (v/v) methanol/distilled water. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined by using disc diffusion method and streptomycin was used as control in all experiments. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the inhibition zones in reference to the pathogen. Among the tested plants, Szygium aromaticum, Thymus vulgaris and Rhus cararia showed a good antibacterial activity and they inhibited the growth of E. amylovora with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 21 to 27 mm at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanol compared to streptomycin (31 mm) in vitro conditions. In vivo tests were performed by using highly virulent E. amylovora isolate (Eak24b, 91%) grown on TSA medium and inoculation on young shoots of 3-year-old Gala variety of apple and Santa Maria variety of pear seedlings at 107 CFU ml-1 density of the pathogen. Disease severity (%) was assessed by by proportion of blighted shoot length to the whole shoot length and also efficacy of the extracts was determined by using Abbott formula. The highest efficacy was obtained by S. aromaticum and T. vulgaris extracts of reducing shoot blight of cv. Gala and cv. Santa Maria by 67.81% - 64-12% and 51.50% - 51.04% ratios, respectively. Obtaining results showed that some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts might be used against fire blight disease as potential new generation chemicals on pome fruits within integrated and organic control programs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Szygium aromaticum inhibited E. amylovora in vitro, with inhibition zones within the reported 21 to 27 mm range.
- Taxon
- E. amylovora
Erwinia amylovorae0 - Treatment
- Szygium aromaticume0
- Outcome
- inhibition zone diametere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 21 to 27 mme0
- Qualifier
- at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanole0
- Comparator
- streptomycine0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the tested plants, Szygium aromaticum, Thymus vulgaris and Rhus cararia showed a good antibacterial activity and they inhibited the growth of E. amylovora with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 21 to 27 mm at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanol compared to streptomycin (31 mm) in vitro conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymus vulgaris inhibited E. amylovora in vitro, with inhibition zones within the reported 21 to 27 mm range.
- Taxon
- E. amylovoraErwinia amylovorae0
- Treatment
- Thymus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- inhibition zone diametere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 21 to 27 mme0
- Qualifier
- at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanole0
- Comparator
- streptomycine0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the tested plants, Szygium aromaticum, Thymus vulgaris and Rhus cararia showed a good antibacterial activity and they inhibited the growth of E. amylovora with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 21 to 27 mm at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanol compared to streptomycin (31 mm) in vitro conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhus cararia inhibited E. amylovora in vitro, with inhibition zones within the reported 21 to 27 mm range.
- Taxon
- E. amylovoraErwinia amylovorae0
- Treatment
- Rhus carariae0
- Outcome
- inhibition zone diametere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 21 to 27 mme0
- Qualifier
- at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanole0
- Comparator
- streptomycine0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the tested plants, Szygium aromaticum, Thymus vulgaris and Rhus cararia showed a good antibacterial activity and they inhibited the growth of E. amylovora with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 21 to 27 mm at 20% (w/v) in absolute methanol compared to streptomycin (31 mm) in vitro conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. aromaticum extract reduced shoot blight of Gala apple by 67.81%.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Galae1
- Treatment
- S. aromaticume0
- Outcome
- shoot blighte0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 67.81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest efficacy was obtained by S. aromaticum and T. vulgaris extracts of reducing shoot blight of cv. Gala and cv. Santa Maria by 67.81% - 64-12% and 51.50% - 51.04% ratios, respectively.”
e1“Gala variety of apple and Santa Maria variety of pear seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
S. aromaticum extract reduced shoot blight of Santa Maria pear by the reported 64-12%.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise1 - Material
- Santa Mariae1
- Treatment
- S. aromaticume0
- Outcome
- shoot blighte0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 64-12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The highest efficacy was obtained by S. aromaticum and T. vulgaris extracts of reducing shoot blight of cv. Gala and cv. Santa Maria by 67.81% - 64-12% and 51.50% - 51.04% ratios, respectively.”
e1“Gala variety of apple and Santa Maria variety of pear seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
T. vulgaris extract reduced shoot blight of Gala apple by 51.50%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Galae1
- Treatment
- T. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- shoot blighte0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 51.50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest efficacy was obtained by S. aromaticum and T. vulgaris extracts of reducing shoot blight of cv. Gala and cv. Santa Maria by 67.81% - 64-12% and 51.50% - 51.04% ratios, respectively.”
e1“Gala variety of apple and Santa Maria variety of pear seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
T. vulgaris extract reduced shoot blight of Santa Maria pear by 51.04%.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise1
- Material
- Santa Mariae1
- Treatment
- T. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- shoot blighte0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 51.04%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest efficacy was obtained by S. aromaticum and T. vulgaris extracts of reducing shoot blight of cv. Gala and cv. Santa Maria by 67.81% - 64-12% and 51.50% - 51.04% ratios, respectively.”
e1“Gala variety of apple and Santa Maria variety of pear seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest medicinal and aromatic plant extracts as potential fire blight controls for pome fruits in integrated and organic programs.
Verbatim
e0“Obtaining results showed that some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts might be used against fire blight disease as potential new generation chemicals on pome fruits within integrated and organic control programs.”
The same questions in other papers
Thymus vulgaris · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.