Abstract
Weeds, if not timely controlled, severely limit productivity of short-duration monsoon green gram. The aim of the present study was to identify a sustainable herbicidal management strategy in green gram-rapeseed rotation. Efficiency, phytotoxic effects in greengram and follow-up crop (rapeseed), yield, and economics of pre-emergence Pendimethalin and Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr and post-emergence [20 days after sowing (DAS)] Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Imazethapyr, and Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinafop propargyl were compared. Ready-mixes of two herbicide molecules were used. Among the herbicides, green gram treated with Imazamox + Imazethapyr (60 g a.i. ha−1) and Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinafop propargyl (187.5 g a.i. ha−1) showed significantly higher weed control efficiency of 81.3–85.1% and 90.5–92.9% on 30 and 55 DAS, respectively. In spite of initial herbicide induced oxidative stress and phytotoxicity, the crop treated with above-mentioned ready-mixes resumed normal growth within 15 days of herbicide application. They also recorded improvement in yields and net returns by 44.0–47.2% and 145.0–153.0%, respectively over weedy check. Detrimental residual effects on germination and yield were not observed in following rapeseed crop. These herbicide ready-mixes may be a promising weed management strategy for the monsoon green gram grown in the uplands of rice-dominated Indo-Gangetic plains.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Imazamox + Imazethapyr (60 g a.i. ha−1) significantly increased green gram weed control efficiency to 81.3–85.1%.
- Taxon
- green gram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatae0 - Organ / stage
- 30 and 55 DASe0
- Treatment
- Imazamox + Imazethapyr (60 g a.i. ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 81.3–85.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“green gram treated with Imazamox + Imazethapyr (60 g a.i. ha−1) and Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinafop propargyl (187.5 g a.i. ha−1) showed significantly higher weed control efficiency of 81.3–85.1% and 90.5–92.9% on 30 and 55 DAS, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinafop propargyl (187.5 g a.i. ha−1) significantly increased green gram weed control efficiency to 90.5–92.9%.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Organ / stage
- 30 and 55 DASe0
- Treatment
- Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinafop propargyl (187.5 g a.i. ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 90.5–92.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green gram treated with Imazamox + Imazethapyr (60 g a.i. ha−1) and Acifluorfen sodium + Clodinafop propargyl (187.5 g a.i. ha−1) showed significantly higher weed control efficiency of 81.3–85.1% and 90.5–92.9% on 30 and 55 DAS, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green gram exposed to the ready-mix herbicides initially had oxidative stress and phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress and phytotoxicitye0
- Qualifier
- initiale0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In spite of initial herbicide induced oxidative stress and phytotoxicity, the crop treated with above-mentioned ready-mixes resumed normal growth within 15 days of herbicide application.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek”
Claim · model-written summary
Green gram treated with the ready-mix herbicides resumed normal growth within 15 days.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- ready-mixese0
- Outcome
- resumed normal growthe0
- Value
- within 15 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In spite of initial herbicide induced oxidative stress and phytotoxicity, the crop treated with above-mentioned ready-mixes resumed normal growth within 15 days of herbicide application.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready-mix herbicides improved green gram yields by 44.0–47.2% over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 44.0–47.2%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also recorded improvement in yields and net returns by 44.0–47.2% and 145.0–153.0%, respectively over weedy check.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek”
Claim · model-written summary
Ready-mix herbicides improved green gram net returns by 145.0–153.0% over the weedy check.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 145.0–153.0%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also recorded improvement in yields and net returns by 44.0–47.2% and 145.0–153.0%, respectively over weedy check.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide residues showed no detrimental effect on following rapeseed germination.
- Taxon
- Brassica campestris L. var. Yellow Sarson
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleiferat0 - Treatment
- residual effectse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Detrimental residual effects on germination and yield were not observed in following rapeseed crop.”
t0“Brassica campestris L. var. Yellow Sarson”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide residues showed no detrimental effect on following rapeseed yield.
- Taxon
- Brassica campestris L. var. Yellow SarsonBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferat0
- Treatment
- residual effectse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detrimental residual effects on germination and yield were not observed in following rapeseed crop.”
t0“Brassica campestris L. var. Yellow Sarson”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the ready-mix herbicides for weed management in monsoon green gram in the Indo-Gangetic uplands.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- herbicide ready-mixese0
- Outcome
- weed management strategye0
- Qualifier
- may be a promisinge0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicide ready-mixes may be a promising weed management strategy for the monsoon green gram grown in the uplands of rice-dominated Indo-Gangetic plains.”
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