Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the effect of Azolla and /or cyanobacteria inoculation each alone or in combination with chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea) on rice growth and yield production. Slightly higher rice yield observed in cyanobacteria (SBI) inoculated plots were not significantly different from corresponding non- inoculated treatments. Applying 60 kg Nha-l as urea or as Azolla had similar effect on grain yield. Highest yield was obtained with the combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azolla. This value was not significantly different from the values obtained with 60 kg Nha-l as urea but was significantly higher than that obtained with 60 kg Nha-l as Azolla. Azolla and / or cyanobacteria did not affect the rice harvest index . The nitrogen use efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen level. The highest plant nitrogen uptake was recorded when Azolla mixed with urea at 30 kg Nha-l each. Results show that Azolla application alone or in combination with urea is more beneficial to rice than inoculation with cyanobacteria. Azolla also increased significantly the soil organic carbon content.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanobacterial inoculation slightly raised rice yield, without a significant difference from non-inoculated treatments.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- cyanobacteria (SBI) inoculatede0
- Interactor
- cyanobacteriaCyanobacteriotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- Slightly highere0
- Comparator
- non- inoculated treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slightly higher rice yield observed in cyanobacteria (SBI) inoculated plots were not significantly different from corresponding non- inoculated treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 60 kg Nha-l as urea or Azolla had similar effects on rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg Nha-l as ureae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similar effecte0
- Comparator
- as Azollae0
AzollaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 60 kg Nha-l as urea or as Azolla had similar effect on grain yield.”
e1“on rice growth and yield production”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined 30 kg Nha-l urea and 30 kg Nha-l Azolla treatment gave the highest rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azollae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- Higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest yield was obtained with the combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azolla.”
e1“on rice growth and yield production”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield under combined urea and Azolla was not significantly different from 60 kg Nha-l urea alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azollae1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- 60 kg Nha-l as ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This value was not significantly different from the values obtained with 60 kg Nha-l as urea but was significantly higher than that obtained with 60 kg Nha-l as Azolla.”
e1“combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azolla”
e2“rice growth and yield production”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield under combined urea and Azolla was significantly higher than under 60 kg Nha-l Azolla alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azollae1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 60 kg Nha-l as Azollae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This value was not significantly different from the values obtained with 60 kg Nha-l as urea but was significantly higher than that obtained with 60 kg Nha-l as Azolla.”
e1“combination of 30 kg Nha-l as urea and 30 kg Nha-l as Azolla”
e2“rice growth and yield production”
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla did not affect rice harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Azollae0
- Outcome
- rice harvest indexe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azolla and / or cyanobacteria did not affect the rice harvest index .”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanobacteria did not affect rice harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cyanobacteriae0
- Interactor
- cyanobacteriaCyanobacteriotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- rice harvest indexe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azolla and / or cyanobacteria did not affect the rice harvest index .”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice nitrogen use efficiency decreased as nitrogen level increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- increasing nitrogen levele0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen use efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen level.”
e1“rice growth and yield production”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest rice plant nitrogen uptake occurred with Azolla and urea at 30 kg Nha-l each.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Azolla mixed with urea at 30 kg Nha-l eache0
- Outcome
- plant nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest plant nitrogen uptake was recorded when Azolla mixed with urea at 30 kg Nha-l each.”
e1“rice growth and yield production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered Azolla alone or with urea more beneficial to rice than cyanobacterial inoculation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Azolla application alone or in combination with ureae0
- Second interactor
- cyanobacteriaCyanobacteriotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- more beneficiale0
- Comparator
- inoculation with cyanobacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azolla application alone or in combination with urea is more beneficial to rice than inoculation with cyanobacteria.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla significantly increased soil organic carbon content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Azollae0
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azolla also increased significantly the soil organic carbon content.”
e1“on rice growth and yield production”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.