Abstract
Gametophyte development is a pre-requisite for plant reproduction and seed yield; therefore, studies of gametophyte development help us understand fundamental biological questions and have potential applications in agriculture. The biogenesis and dynamics of endomembrane compartments are critical for cell survival, and their regulatory mechanisms are just beginning to be revealed. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein YKT61 is essential for both male and female gametogenesis. By using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genome editing, we demonstrated that male and female gametophytes carrying YKT61 loss-of-function alleles do not survive. Specifically, loss of YKT61 function resulted in the arrest of male gametophytic development at pollen mitosis I and the degeneration of female gametophytes. A three-base-pair deletion in YKT61 in the ykt61-3 mutant resulted in a single-amino acid deletion in the longin domain of YKT61; the resulting mutant protein does not interact with multiple SNAREs and showed substantially reduced membrane association, suggesting that the N-terminal longin domain of YKT61 plays multiple roles in its function. This study demonstrates that Arabidopsis YKT61 is essential for male and female gametogenesis and sets an example for functional characterization of essential genes with the combination of Cas9-mediated editing and expression from a Cas9-resistant transgene.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
YKT61 loss-of-function male and female gametophytes did not survive.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- YKT61 loss-of-function allelese0
- Gene
- YKT61e0
- Outcome
- male and female gametophytes carrying YKT61 loss-of-function alleles do not survivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“male and female gametophytes carrying YKT61 loss-of-function alleles do not survive”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
YKT61 loss arrested male development at pollen mitosis I.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- loss of YKT61 functione0
- Gene
- YKT61e0
- Outcome
- arrest of male gametophytic development at pollen mitosis Ie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of YKT61 function resulted in the arrest of male gametophytic development at pollen mitosis I”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
YKT61 loss caused female gametophyte degeneration.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- loss of YKT61 functione0
- Gene
- YKT61e0
- Outcome
- degeneration of female gametophytese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of YKT61 function resulted in the arrest of male gametophytic development at pollen mitosis I and the degeneration of female gametophytes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
A three-base-pair YKT61 deletion produced a single amino-acid deletion in its longin domain.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- YKT61e0
- Outcome
- single-amino acid deletion in the longin domain of YKT61e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A three-base-pair deletion in YKT61 in the ykt61-3 mutant resulted in a single-amino acid deletion in the longin domain of YKT61”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutant protein did not interact with multiple SNAREs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutant proteine0
- Gene
- SNAREse0
- Outcome
- does not interact with multiple SNAREse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the resulting mutant protein does not interact with multiple SNAREs”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutant protein had substantially reduced membrane association.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- mutant proteine0
- Outcome
- membrane associatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the resulting mutant protein does not interact with multiple SNAREs and showed substantially reduced membrane association”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The N-terminal YKT61 longin domain was inferred to have multiple functions.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- YKT61e0
- Outcome
- plays multiple roles in its functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that the N-terminal longin domain of YKT61 plays multiple roles in its function”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · survival · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.