Abstract
Although the results of some studies indicate that salt stress affects the organization of microtubules, it remains an open question whether microtubules play an active role in the plant's ability to withstand salt stress. In the present study, we showed that salt stress-induced wild-type Arabidopsis seedling roots display right-handed skewed growth and depolymerization of the cortical microtubules. The results of a long-term observational study showed that cortical microtubules depolymerized then reorganized themselves under salt stress. Stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel resulted in more seedling death under salt stress, while disruption of microtubules with oryzalin or propyzamide rescued seedlings from death. Seedlings in which the cortical microtubules were reorganized did not succumb to salt stress. These results suggest that both depolymerization and reorganization of the cortical microtubules are important for the plant's ability to withstand salt stress. Depolymerizing microtubules by drugs rescues seedlings from death under salt stress. This rescue effect was abolished by removing calcium from the medium or treatment with a calcium channel inhibitor. Depolymerization of the microtubules is followed by an increase in the free cytoplasmic calcium concentration. The addition of calcium to the growth medium increased the number of seedlings in which recovery of the cortical microtubules occurred, whereas the removal of calcium decreased the number of seedlings in which recovery occurred. Therefore, depolymerization of the cortical microtubules raises intracellular calcium concentrations, while reorganization of the cortical microtubules and seedling survival may be mediated by calcium influx in salt stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress induced right-handed skewed growth and depolymerization of cortical microtubules in wild-type Arabidopsis seedling roots
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- wild-typee1
- Organ / stage
- seedling rootse1
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- right-handed skewed growth and depolymerization of the cortical microtubulese1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e1“salt stress-induced wild-type Arabidopsis seedling roots display right-handed skewed growth and depolymerization of the cortical microtubules”
Claim · model-written summary
Cortical microtubules depolymerized and then reorganized under salt stress in a long-term observational study
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- cortical microtubules depolymerized then reorganized themselvese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e2“The results of a long-term observational study showed that cortical microtubules depolymerized then reorganized themselves under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel resulted in more seedling death under salt stress
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxele3
- Outcome
- seedling deathe3
- Direction
- moree3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e3“Stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel resulted in more seedling death under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of microtubules with oryzalin or propyzamide rescued seedlings from death under salt stress
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- disruption of microtubules with oryzalin or propyzamidee4
- Outcome
- deathe4
- Direction
- rescuede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e4“disruption of microtubules with oryzalin or propyzamide rescued seedlings from death”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings in which cortical microtubules were reorganized did not succumb to salt stress
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- did not succumb to salt stresse5
- Qualifier
- Seedlings in which the cortical microtubules were reorganizede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e5“Seedlings in which the cortical microtubules were reorganized did not succumb to salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Both depolymerization and reorganization of cortical microtubules are important for the ability of Arabidopsis to withstand salt stress
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- ability to withstand salt stresse6
- Qualifier
- both depolymerization and reorganization of the cortical microtubulese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e6“These results suggest that both depolymerization and reorganization of the cortical microtubules are important for the plant's ability to withstand salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Depolymerization of microtubules is followed by an increase in free cytoplasmic calcium concentration
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Depolymerization of the microtubulese7
- Outcome
- free cytoplasmic calcium concentratione7
- Direction
- increasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e7“Depolymerization of the microtubules is followed by an increase in the free cytoplasmic calcium concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing calcium from the medium abolished the rescue effect of microtubule depolymerization on seedlings
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- removing calcium from the mediume1
- Outcome
- rescue effecte1
- Direction
- abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e1“This rescue effect was abolished by removing calcium from the medium or treatment with a calcium channel inhibitor”
Claim · model-written summary
A calcium channel inhibitor abolished the rescue effect of microtubule depolymerization on seedlings
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- treatment with a calcium channel inhibitore1
- Outcome
- rescue effecte1
- Direction
- abolishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e1“This rescue effect was abolished by removing calcium from the medium or treatment with a calcium channel inhibitor”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium to the growth medium increased the number of seedlings in which cortical microtubules recovered
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- addition of calcium to the growth mediume1
- Outcome
- number of seedlings in which recovery of the cortical microtubules occurrede1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e1“The addition of calcium to the growth medium increased the number of seedlings in which recovery of the cortical microtubules occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing calcium decreased the number of seedlings in which recovery occurred
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- removal of calciume1
- Outcome
- number of seedlings in which recovery occurrede1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e1“whereas the removal of calcium decreased the number of seedlings in which recovery occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Reorganization of cortical microtubules and seedling survival may be mediated by calcium influx in salt stress
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- reorganization of the cortical microtubules and seedling survivale1
- Qualifier
- calcium influxe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salt Tolerance Requires Cortical Microtubule Reorganization in Arabidopsis”
e1“reorganization of the cortical microtubules and seedling survival may be mediated by calcium influx in salt stress”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · survival · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.