Abstract
Abstract Continuous cropping of tomato is increasingly practiced in greenhouse cultivation, leading to several soil-related obstacles. In this study, a type of microbial restoration substrate (MRS) was used to amend soils from the re-cropping of tomato for 8 years under greenhouse-cultivated conditions. Two treatments were established: using 1,500 kg hm −2 of MRS to amend soil as treatment (TR), and non-MRS as control (CK). The severity of bacterial wilt (BW), soil properties and rhizobacterial community composition under two different treatments were compared. The application of MRS led to an average 83.75% reduction in the severity of BW, and significantly increased the plant height, root activity and yield. Meanwhile, soil pH, soil organic contents (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and exchangeable calcium were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) by MRS treatment. Illumina-MiSeq sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that MRS increased the diversity of the tomato rhizobacterial community. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were enhanced, whereas those of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, TM7 and Firmicutes were decreased by MRS. The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the severity of tomato BW was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, but positively correlated with those of Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. In addition, the effects of MRS on rhizobacterial metabolic potentials were predicted using a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, implying that MRS could significantly increase nitrogen metabolisms and reduce carbon metabolism. Together, our results indicated that the use of MRS could reestablish soil microbial communities, which was beneficial to plant health compared with the control.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
MRS reduced tomato bacterial wilt severity by an average 83.75%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- MRSe0
- Outcome
- severity of BWe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 83.75%e0
- Comparator
- non-MRSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The application of MRS led to an average 83.75% reduction in the severity of BW”
e1“non-MRS as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
MRS significantly increased tomato plant height, root activity and yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRSe1
- Outcome
- plant height, root activity and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“significantly increased the plant height, root activity and yield”
e1“MRS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
MRS significantly increased soil pH, soil organic contents, total nitrogen and exchangeable calcium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRS treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil pH, soil organic contents (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and exchangeable calciume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- P < 0.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“soil pH, soil organic contents (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and exchangeable calcium were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) by MRS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
MRS increased diversity of the tomato rhizobacterial community.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- MRSe0
- Outcome
- diversity of the tomato rhizobacterial communitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MRS increased the diversity of the tomato rhizobacterial community”
Claim · model-written summary
MRS enhanced relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
MRS decreased relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, TM7 and Firmicutes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRSe0
- Outcome
- Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, TM7 and Firmicutese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“those of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, TM7 and Firmicutes were decreased by MRS”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato bacterial wilt severity was negatively correlated with Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria abundance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and ProteobacteriaBacteroidotaPseudomonadotaActinomycetotae0other
- Outcome
- severity of tomato BWe0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the severity of tomato BW was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato bacterial wilt severity was positively correlated with Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria abundance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and AcidobacteriaAcidobacteriotaGemmatimonadotaBacillotae0other
- Outcome
- severity of tomato BWe0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the severity of tomato BW was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, but positively correlated with those of Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted rhizobacterial metabolic potential showed increased nitrogen metabolism with MRS.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRSe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen metabolismse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“MRS could significantly increase nitrogen metabolisms and reduce carbon metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted rhizobacterial metabolic potential showed reduced carbon metabolism with MRS.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MRSe0
- Outcome
- carbon metabolisme0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“MRS could significantly increase nitrogen metabolisms and reduce carbon metabolism”
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