Abstract
During integrated nutrient management involving poultry manure (PM) and urea fertilizer (UF) for maize (Zea mays L.), it is necessary to investigate the best time to apply UF that will optimize soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. Hence, studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different rates of PM and single and split applications (SA) of UF on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. The treatment involved three levels of PM (0.0, 4.0, and 8.0 t · ha −1 ) and four sets of periods of UF: (i) 0 kg N ha -1 (control), (ii) 120 kg N ha -1 applied at planting (AP), (iii) two SA of 120 kg N ha −1 (90 kg N ha -1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha -1 at thirty days after planting (DAP)), and (iv) three SA of 120 kg N ha -1 (60 kg N ha -1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha -1 thirty DAP + 30 kg N ha -1 at tasseling). The 12 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. PM and UF alone and integrating UF with PM improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control. SA of UF three times (60 + 30 + 30) had the most improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize. Results also showed that maize yielded higher under UF integrated with PM compared with their sole forms. Application of 60 + 30+30 with 8 t ha −1 PM (60 + 30+30 + 8 t ha −1 PM) or with 4 t ha −1 PM treatments showed the highest growth and yield of maize, but due to the bulkiness, handling challenges, and cost of PM, 60 + 30+30 + 4 t ha −1 PM is recommended. Therefore, for better growth and yield of maize, after the initial application of PM, UF application should be split-applied in accordance with plant growth and the pattern of uptake to avoid losses by leaching and therefore ensured that N level in the soil is high at the critical stage of N demand.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure and urea, alone or combined, improved maize growth and yield relative to control.
- Treatment
- PM and UF alone and integrating UF with PMe0
- Outcome
- growth, and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PM and UF alone and integrating UF with PM improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three split urea applications most improved maize growth and yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA of UF three times (60 + 30 + 30) had the most improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined urea fertilizer and poultry manure gave higher maize yield than either alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yielded higher under UF integrated with PM compared with their sole forms.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 + 30 + 30 urea regime with 8 t ha −1 manure gave the highest maize growth and yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 60 + 30+30 with 8 t ha −1 PM (60 + 30+30 + 8 t ha −1 PM) or with 4 t ha −1 PM treatments showed the highest growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 + 30 + 30 urea regime with 4 t ha −1 manure gave the highest maize growth and yield.
- Treatment
- 60 + 30+30 with 8 t ha −1 PM (60 + 30+30 + 8 t ha −1 PM) or with 4 t ha −1 PMe0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 60 + 30+30 with 8 t ha −1 PM (60 + 30+30 + 8 t ha −1 PM) or with 4 t ha −1 PM treatments showed the highest growth and yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 60 + 30 + 30 urea with 4 t ha −1 manure because manure is costly and bulky.
- Outcome
- 60 + 30+30 + 4 t ha −1 PM is recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to the bulkiness, handling challenges, and cost of PM, 60 + 30+30 + 4 t ha −1 PM is recommended.”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 234 in the opposite direction · 45 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
2,181 papers more in this group
See all 2,185 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.