Abstract
The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter content of cauliflower and Romanesco leaves, stems and sprouts is below 10%.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise0 - Organ / stage
- leaves, stems and sproutse1
- Outcome
- dry matter (DM) contente1
- Direction
- lower thane1
- Value
- 10%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e1“The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein content of the wastes is 19.9 to 33.0%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- crude proteine2
- Value
- 19.9 to 33.0%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e2“they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar content of the wastes is 16.3 to 28.7%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- sugare2
- Value
- 16.3 to 28.7%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e2“they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral detergent fiber content of the wastes is low, 21.6 to 32.3%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fibere2
- Direction
- lowe2
- Value
- 21.6 to 32.3%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e2“they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stems and sprouts were fermented more rapidly and extensively in the rumen than leaves.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Organ / stage
- Stems and sproutse3
- Outcome
- fermented in the rumene3
- Direction
- more rapidly and extensivelye3
- Comparator
- leavese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e3“Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentation profiles of cauliflower leaves and the other organs differ only minimally.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- fermentation profilese4
- Qualifier
- only minor differencese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e4“but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated metabolizable energy content ranges from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- metabolizable energy contente5
- Value
- 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DMe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e5“The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM”
Claim · model-written summary
CP rumen degradability is greater than 80.0% for all fractions.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- CP rumen degradabilitye6
- Value
- 80.0%e6
- Qualifier
- 12-h in situ incubationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e6“The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranges from 85.7 to 93.2%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- in vitro intestinal digestibility of CPe7
- Value
- 85.7 to 93.2%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e7“the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Including up to 24% dried cauliflower in the concentrate increased in vitro rumen fermentation of the cauliflower diet.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentratee1
- Outcome
- in vitro rumen fermentatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e1“The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet”
Claim · model-written summary
Including up to 24% dried cauliflower in the concentrate did not affect methane production.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentratee1
- Outcome
- methane (CH4) productione2
- Direction
- did not affecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed”
e1“The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet”
e2“but did not affect methane (CH4) production”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.