Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on sandy clay loam soils of Tirupati Campus of ANGR Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh to optimise the sowing time and nutrient needs of rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] for its sustained productivity and profitability. Three sowing times: II FN of September, I FN of October and II FN of October; three nutrient levels (N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1): 10-40-0, 20-50-10 and 30-60-20 and two foliar treatments: NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) at 60 DAS, 60 and 80 DAS were tested on LRG 41 pigeonpea cultivar in split-split plot design, replicated thrice. Earliest sown pigeonpea (II FN September) resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1700 kg ha-1) and net returns ( 32239) due to improvement in yield attributes like pod bearing branches plant-1, number of pods branch-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight. Highest nutrient level (30-60-20 NPK ha-1) produced significantly higher seed yield (1589 kg ha-1) and net returns (28448) due to improvement in yield attributes. Foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly highest seed yield (1434 kg ha-1) and net returns (24111) due to its positive effect on pigeonpea yield attributes. Benefit:cost ratio was significantly high (2.71) due to earliest sowing, highest level of nutrient supply (2.46) and foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS (2.26). Early sowings resulted in significantly higher seed yields at higher levels of nutrient supply. Foliar application of DAP (2%) at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly higher pigeonpea yield with early sowings. Early sown pigeonpea resulted in significantly higher seed yield at all levels of nutrient supply and foliar applications. Rabi redgram gave optimum yield and economic returns sown during II FN of September with 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 along with foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 per cent) twice at 60 and 80 DAS.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Earliest sowing increased seed yield to 1700 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- II FN Septembere0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1700 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Earliest sown pigeonpea (II FN September) resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1700 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Earliest sowing increased net returns to 32239.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- II FN Septembere0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32239e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Earliest sown pigeonpea (II FN September) resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1700 kg ha-1) and net returns ( 32239)”
Claim · model-written summary
Earliest sowing improved pod bearing branches, pods per branch, seeds per pod and test weight.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- II FN Septembere1
- Outcome
- pod bearing branches plant-1, number of pods branch-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to improvement in yield attributes like pod bearing branches plant-1, number of pods branch-1, number of seeds pod-1 and test weight”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
e1“Earliest sown pigeonpea (II FN September) resulted in significantly higher seed yield (1700 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest nutrient level increased seed yield to 1589 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 30-60-20 NPK ha-1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1589 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest nutrient level (30-60-20 NPK ha-1) produced significantly higher seed yield (1589 kg ha-1)”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest nutrient level increased net returns to 28448.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 30-60-20 NPK ha-1e0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 28448e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest nutrient level (30-60-20 NPK ha-1) produced significantly higher seed yield (1589 kg ha-1) and net returns (28448)”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest nutrient level improved yield attributes.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 30-60-20 NPK ha-1e0
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest nutrient level (30-60-20 NPK ha-1) produced significantly higher seed yield (1589 kg ha-1) and net returns (28448) due to improvement in yield attributes”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA and DAP increased seed yield to 1434 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DASe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1434 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly highest seed yield (1434 kg ha-1)”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA and DAP increased net returns to 24111.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DASe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 24111e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly highest seed yield (1434 kg ha-1) and net returns (24111)”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments improved yield attributes.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%)e1
- Outcome
- yield attributese0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to its positive effect on pigeonpea yield attributes”
e1“Foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly highest seed yield (1434 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Earliest sowing raised benefit:cost ratio to 2.71.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- earliest sowinge0
- Outcome
- Benefit:cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 2.71e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit:cost ratio was significantly high (2.71) due to earliest sowing”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest nutrient supply raised benefit:cost ratio to 2.46.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- highest level of nutrient supplye0
- Outcome
- Benefit:cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 2.46e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit:cost ratio was significantly high (2.71) due to earliest sowing, highest level of nutrient supply (2.46)”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NAA and DAP raised benefit:cost ratio to 2.26.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DASe0
- Outcome
- Benefit:cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 2.26e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit:cost ratio was significantly high (2.71) due to earliest sowing, highest level of nutrient supply (2.46) and foliar application of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2%) applied at 60 and 80 DAS (2.26)”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowings increased seed yields at higher nutrient supply.
- Taxon
- rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]Cajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- Early sowingse0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- higher levels of nutrient supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early sowings resulted in significantly higher seed yields at higher levels of nutrient supply”
t0“rabi pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
DAP at 60 and 80 DAS increased yield with early sowing.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- DAP (2%) at 60 and 80 DASe0
- Outcome
- pigeonpea yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- early sowingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of DAP (2%) at 60 and 80 DAS recorded significantly higher pigeonpea yield with early sowings”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing increased seed yield across nutrient and foliar treatments.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Early sowne0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- all levels of nutrient supply and foliar applicationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early sown pigeonpea resulted in significantly higher seed yield at all levels of nutrient supply and foliar applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend September sowing with 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 and two foliar NAA and DAP sprays.
Verbatim
e0“Rabi redgram gave optimum yield and economic returns sown during II FN of September with 30-60-20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 along with foliar spray of NAA (25 ppm) and DAP (2 per cent) twice at 60 and 80 DAS”
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