Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effects of fertilization, environment, and their interactions on the thousand grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW) and grain yield (GY) of winter triticale, and (2) the correlations between these traits in different environments. The invariable nitrogen (80 kg N ha−1), potassium (60 kg K2O ha−1) and two phosphorus (60 and 100 kg P2O5 ha−1) doses were used in Kragujevac location in central Serbia. Nitrogen was applied individually and in combination with two phosphorus rates and one rate of potassium fertilizer. Eight fertilization treatment controls and N80, P60, P100, N80P60K60, N80P100K60, N80P60 and N80P100 were examined during three growing seasons. The yield and quality of triticale significantly varied across years and treatments. The average yield of all treatments in the 2015 growing season was significantly greater than in the previous years (3.597 t ha−1). Combined usage of NPK fertilizer (80 kg N ha−1, 100 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 60 kg K2O ha−1) represented the excellent base for optimum supply of major nutrients, resulting in maximum GY (4.0 t ha−1). Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (−0.392*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648**) and 2014 (0.493**). The positive effect over complete application of fertilizer is the result of a lower pH value of the soil, as well as the low content of available phosphorus and potassium in Vertisol soil type. Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitability is of great importance in the future triticale production in Pannonian Environments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and quality of triticale varied significantly across years and fertilization treatments.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee1 - Outcome
- yield and qualitye1
- Qualifier
- across years and treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e1“The yield and quality of triticale significantly varied across years and treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield of all treatments in 2015 was significantly greater than in previous years (3.597 t/ha).
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- average yielde2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Value
- 3.597 t ha−1e2
- Comparator
- previous yearse2
- Setting
- 2015 growing seasone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e2“The average yield of all treatments in the 2015 growing season was significantly greater than in the previous years (3.597 t ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK fertilization gave the maximum grain yield of 4.0 t/ha.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Combined usage of NPK fertilizer (80 kg N ha−1, 100 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 60 kg K2O ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- GYe3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 4.0 t ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e3“Combined usage of NPK fertilizer (80 kg N ha−1, 100 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 60 kg K2O ha−1) represented the excellent base for optimum supply of major nutrients, resulting in maximum GY (4.0 t ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and TGW were negatively and significantly correlated in 2015 (−0.392).
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- grain GY and TGWe5
- Direction
- Negativee5
- Value
- −0.392*e5
- Setting
- 2015e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e5“Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (−0.392*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648**) and 2014 (0.493**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and TGW were positively and highly significantly correlated in 2013 (0.648).
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- grain GY and TGWe5
- Direction
- positivee5
- Value
- 0.648**e5
- Setting
- 2013e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e5“Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (−0.392*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648**) and 2014 (0.493**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and TGW were positively and highly significantly correlated in 2014 (0.493).
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- grain GY and TGWe5
- Direction
- positivee5
- Value
- 0.493**e5
- Setting
- 2014e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e5“Negative and significant correlation was found between grain GY and TGW (−0.392*) in 2015, and positive highly significant correlation were in 2013 (0.648**) and 2014 (0.493**)”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive effect of complete fertilization is the result of a lower soil pH and low available phosphorus and potassium in the Vertisol.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- complete application of fertilizere6
- Outcome
- positive effect over complete application of fertilizere6
- Qualifier
- a lower pH value of the soil, as well as the low content of available phosphorus and potassium in Vertisol soil typee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e6“The positive effect over complete application of fertilizer is the result of a lower pH value of the soil, as well as the low content of available phosphorus and potassium in Vertisol soil type”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitability is important for future triticale production.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee7
- Outcome
- Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitabilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Grain Yield in Winter Triticale Grown on Degraded Vertisol”
e7“Optimizing fertilization for maximum profitability is of great importance in the future triticale production in Pannonian Environments”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.