Abstract
Isolation from diseased roots of pea plants collected from three locations at El Beheira governorate indicated that, the most frequently isolated fungi are Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum with the averages of 24.07% for both followed by Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani with 14.81% and F. moniliforme with 9.26%, respectively. The disease severity of downy mildew, caused by Peronspora viciae was recorded during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at Etay Elbaroud, Badr and Kom Hamada provinces and the averages were 28.37, 22.24 and 13.27%, respectively. The essential oils of Cumin, Caraway and Anise showed the most reducing effect for the mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro with the averages of 70.99, 21.92 and 14.96%, respectively. The highest significant reduction of the spores number of F. solani and F. moniliforme was observed with the essential oils of Cuminum cyminum, Carum carvi and Foenculum vulgare. In addition essential oils of C. cyminum and C. carvi reduced the number of sclerotia of S. rolfsii. Intercropping of pea with medicinal plants was studied in field trials through two successive seasons. Cropping pattern side/side combination showed certain reduction of pea damping-off disease and disease severity of downy mildew than sole pea (check). Total damping-off was reduced using intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and Pimpinella anisum compared with sole pea with averages of 39.19, 48.00 and 48.29% during 2007/2008 and 33.46, 39.33 and 40.33% during 2008/2009, respectively. Intercropping pea with medicinal plants F. vulgare, C. carvi, Anethum graveolens and P. anisum were more effective in decreasing disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 20.20, 20.58, 21.27 and 22.83% during 2007/2008, respectively compared with check (sole pea). Pea intercropped with some medicinal plants could regulate soil microbial community such as actinomyces, bacteria and fungi effectively. The results showed that soil rizosphere was improved, and the fungal diversity differed. Fusarium spp. and R. solani were found only when pea intercropped with Cuminum cyminum and Nigella sativa. No familiar pathogens were found with intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and P. anisum. The CFU of bacteria in case of intercropping with C. carvi and N. sativa was the highest during the two growth stages of pea, and that of actinomycets in all six intercropping treatments was increased during the flowering stage of pea. The use of intercropping system in pea with medicinal plants as a mean for natural disease control is discussed. Intercropping pea with C. carvi increased pea fresh and dry weight in addition to the weight of 100 seeds for both seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009) more than other intercropping treatments and sole pea. In contrast, the intercropping with C. cyminum and N. sativa had the least values.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were most frequent in diseased pea roots at 24.07% each.
- Taxon
- PEA
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Interactor
- Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporum_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- most frequently isolated fungie0
- Value
- 24.07%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the most frequently isolated fungi are Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum with the averages of 24.07% for both”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani followed at 14.81%.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani
Alternaria solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solanie0
- Value
- 14.81%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani with 14.81%”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
F. moniliforme isolation averaged 9.26%.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- F. moniliforme
Fusarium verticillioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- F. moniliformee0
- Value
- 9.26%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. moniliforme with 9.26%”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew severity averaged 28.37% at Etay Elbaroud.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- averagese1
- Value
- 28.37e0
- Setting
- Etay Elbaroude0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Etay Elbaroud, Badr and Kom Hamada provinces and the averages were 28.37, 22.24 and 13.27%, respectively”
t0“PEA”
e1“at Etay Elbaroud, Badr and Kom Hamada provinces and the averages were 28.37, 22.24 and 13.27%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils reduced fungal mycelial growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- essential oils of Cumine0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of F. solanie0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 70.99e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The essential oils of Cumin, Caraway and Anise showed the most reducing effect for the mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro with the averages of 70.99, 21.92 and 14.96%, respectively”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuminum, Carum and Foenculum oils significantly reduced Fusarium spore numbers.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- essential oils of Cuminum cyminume0
- Interactor
- F. solani and F. moniliformeFusarium verticillioidesFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- spores number of F. solani and F. moniliformee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant reduction of the spores number of F. solani and F. moniliforme was observed with the essential oils of Cuminum cyminum, Carum carvi and Foenculum vulgare”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuminum and Carum oils reduced Sclerotium sclerotia.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- essential oils of C. cyminum and C. carvie0
- Interactor
- S. rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Outcome
- number of sclerotia of S. rolfsiie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oils of C. cyminum and C. carvi reduced the number of sclerotia of S. rolfsii”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Side-by-side intercropping reduced pea damping-off and downy mildew severity versus sole pea.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Cropping pattern side/side combinatione0
- Outcome
- pea damping-off disease and disease severity of downy mildewe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- sole peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cropping pattern side/side combination showed certain reduction of pea damping-off disease and disease severity of downy mildew than sole pea (check)”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Caraway intercropping reduced total damping-off in both seasons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- intercropping with C. carvie0
- Outcome
- Total damping-offe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39.19e0
- Comparator
- sole peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total damping-off was reduced using intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and Pimpinella anisum compared with sole pea with averages of 39.19, 48.00 and 48.29% during 2007/2008 and 33.46, 39.33 and 40.33% during 2008/2009, respectively”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel intercropping reduced total damping-off in both seasons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- F. vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Total damping-offe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48.00e0
- Comparator
- sole peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total damping-off was reduced using intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and Pimpinella anisum compared with sole pea with averages of 39.19, 48.00 and 48.29% during 2007/2008 and 33.46, 39.33 and 40.33% during 2008/2009, respectively”
t0“PEA”
e1“Total damping-off was reduced using intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and Pimpinella anisum compared with sole pea with averages of 39.19, 48.00 and 48.29% during 2007/2008 and 33.46, 39.33 and 40.33% during 2008/2009, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Anise intercropping reduced total damping-off in both seasons.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pimpinella anisume1
- Outcome
- Total damping-offe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48.29%e0
- Comparator
- sole peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total damping-off was reduced using intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and Pimpinella anisum compared with sole pea with averages of 39.19, 48.00 and 48.29% during 2007/2008 and 33.46, 39.33 and 40.33% during 2008/2009, respectively”
t0“PEA”
e1“Total damping-off was reduced using intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and Pimpinella anisum compared with sole pea with averages of 39.19, 48.00 and 48.29% during 2007/2008 and 33.46, 39.33 and 40.33% during 2008/2009, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel intercropping reduced downy mildew severity to 20.20% in 2007/08.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- F. vulgaree0
- Outcome
- disease severity of downy mildewe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 20.20e0
- Comparator
- sole peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. vulgare, C. carvi, Anethum graveolens and P. anisum were more effective in decreasing disease severity of downy mildew with the averages of 20.20, 20.58, 21.27 and 22.83% during 2007/2008, respectively compared with check (sole pea)”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping altered pea rhizosphere microbial communities and fungal diversity.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- soil microbial communitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pea intercropped with some medicinal plants could regulate soil microbial community such as actinomyces, bacteria and fungi effectively. The results showed that soil rizosphere was improved, and the fungal diversity differed.”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium and Rhizoctonia were found only with cumin and Nigella intercrops.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- intercropped with Cuminum cyminum and Nigella sativae0
- Interactor
- Fusarium spp. and R. solaniFusariumRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium spp. and R. solani were founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium spp. and R. solani were found only when pea intercropped with Cuminum cyminum and Nigella sativa”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
No familiar pathogens were found with caraway, fennel and anise intercrops.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and P. anisume0
- Outcome
- No familiar pathogens were founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No familiar pathogens were found with intercropping with C. carvi, F. vulgare and P. anisum”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial CFUs were highest with caraway and Nigella intercropping.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- intercropping with C. carvi and N. sativae0
- Outcome
- CFU of bacteriae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CFU of bacteria in case of intercropping with C. carvi and N. sativa was the highest during the two growth stages of pea”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycete CFUs increased at flowering in all six intercrops.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- all six intercropping treatmentse0
- Outcome
- actinomycetse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of actinomycets in all six intercropping treatments was increased during the flowering stage of pea”
t0“PEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Caraway intercropping increased pea fresh and dry weight and 100-seed weight.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Intercropping pea with C. carvie0
- Outcome
- pea fresh and dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- sole peae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping pea with C. carvi increased pea fresh and dry weight in addition to the weight of 100 seeds for both seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009) more than other intercropping treatments and sole pea”
t0“PEA”
e1“Intercropping pea with C. carvi increased pea fresh and dry weight in addition to the weight of 100 seeds for both seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009) more than other intercropping treatments and sole pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumin and Nigella intercropping had the lowest growth and seed weight values.
- Taxon
- PEALathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- intercropping with C. cyminum and N. sativae0
- Outcome
- least valuese0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the intercropping with C. cyminum and N. sativa had the least values”
t0“PEA”
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botanical · Fusarium solani · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.