Abstract
Intercropping is commonly used in low-input systems but could also be a strategy for higher input systems. Three ratios of substitutive oat–pea intercrops were tested on a fertile soil in eastern Austria with application of a low nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate (6 g N m−2) versus an unfertilised control to assess the effect of intercropping and low N fertilisation on dinitrogen fixation (NFIX). The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation, but the increase occurred only in oat, while pea was not affected by N fertilisation. Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat. Half of the applied amount of N was recovered by the AGDM of crops and half remained in the soil at harvest. The NFIX per unit area was highest in pure pea. Intercropping considerably reduced NFIX, especially in intercrops with low pea share. NFIX per unit of AGDM of pea, however, was neither affected by intercropping nor by N fertilisation. Consequently, a low amount of N fertilisation of oat–pea intercrops on a fertile soil can increase overall performance of the system through increasing the performance of oat without impairing that of pea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilisation increased above-ground dry matter and nitrogen yield of intercrops.
Verbatim
e0“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilisation increase occurred only in oat.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- N fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Comparator
- unfertilised controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase occurred only in oat, while pea was not affected by N fertilisation.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea was not affected by nitrogen fertilisation.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- N fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- peae0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Comparator
- unfertilised controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea was not affected by N fertilisation.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure pea and high-pea-share intercrops spared soil nitrogen relative to pure oat.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- harveste0
- Treatment
- Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea sharee0
- Outcome
- soil mineral Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- pure oate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Half of applied nitrogen was recovered in crop above-ground dry matter.
Verbatim
e0“Half of the applied amount of N was recovered by the AGDM of crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Half of applied nitrogen remained in the soil at harvest.
Verbatim
e0“half remained in the soil at harvest.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixation per unit area was highest in pure pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pure peae0
- Outcome
- NFIX per unit areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NFIX per unit area was highest in pure pea.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced nitrogen fixation, especially with low pea share.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- NFIXe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- intercrops with low pea sharee0
- Comparator
- pure peae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping considerably reduced NFIX, especially in intercrops with low pea share.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixation per unit pea dry matter was unaffected by intercropping.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- NFIX per unit of AGDM of peae0
- Direction
- neither affectede0
- Comparator
- pure peae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NFIX per unit of AGDM of pea, however, was neither affected by intercropping nor by N fertilisation.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixation per unit pea dry matter was unaffected by fertilisation.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- N fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- NFIX per unit of AGDM of peae0
- Direction
- neither affectede0
- Comparator
- unfertilised controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NFIX per unit of AGDM of pea, however, was neither affected by intercropping nor by N fertilisation.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen fertilisation can improve oat–pea intercrop system performance through oat without impairing pea.
Verbatim
e0“a low amount of N fertilisation of oat–pea intercrops on a fertile soil can increase overall performance of the system through increasing the performance of oat without impairing that of pea.”
e1“unfertilised control”
e2“Pure pea stands and intercrops with high pea share resulted in N sparing in the soil at harvest, as the soil mineral N was higher than in pure oat.”
e3“The above-ground dry matter (AGDM) and N yield of intercrops increased with N fertilisation”
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See all 97 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.