Abstract
Little information is available on investigating the effectiveness of indigenous and exotic rhizobia in enhancing nitrogen uptake and growth of white clover. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen fixation effectiveness of native rhizobia isolated from white clover grown in Taiwan as compared to an exotic strain, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii BCRC 14266. Indigenous rhizobia were isolated from nodules in roots of white clover, and 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to identify their taxonomy. To compare the symbiotic effectiveness of indigenous and exotic rhizobia, white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 could be identified as Rhizobium species. Compared with the non-inoculated control and BCRC 14266, CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly increased the dry weight of shoots and roots at 75 days after planting (DAP). Additionally, CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly enhanced the amount of chlorophyll present in leaves estimated by SPAD readings, increasing nitrogen contents in shoots by 38.1 and 49.2%, respectively. In comparison with BCRC 14266, CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly increased the nodule number and nitrogenase activity at both 45 and 75 DAP. In conclusion, the two indigenous strains significantly outperform the exotic strain and non-inoculated control in promoting nitrogen uptake and growth of white clover.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 were identified as Rhizobium species.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense3 - Outcome
- identified as Rhizobium speciese1
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 could be identified as Rhizobium species”
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Indigenous Rhizobium isolates CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 increased shoot and root dry weight of white clover compared with the non-inoculated control and BCRC 14266 at 75 DAP.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense3
- Organ / stage
- shoots and rootse2
- Treatment
- inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolatese3
- Interactor
- CHB 1120 and CHB 1121e2symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weight of shoots and rootse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- non-inoculated control and BCRC 14266e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Compared with the non-inoculated control and BCRC 14266, CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly increased the dry weight of shoots and roots at 75 days after planting (DAP)”
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 enhanced the amount of chlorophyll in white clover leaves.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense3
- Treatment
- inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolatese3
- Interactor
- CHB 1120 and CHB 1121e4symbiont
- Outcome
- amount of chlorophyll present in leavese4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
e4“CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly enhanced the amount of chlorophyll present in leaves estimated by SPAD readings, increasing nitrogen contents in shoots by 38.1 and 49.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB 1120 increased nitrogen content in white clover shoots by 38.1.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense3
- Treatment
- inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolatese3
- Interactor
- CHB 1120e4symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen contents in shootse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 38.1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
e4“CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly enhanced the amount of chlorophyll present in leaves estimated by SPAD readings, increasing nitrogen contents in shoots by 38.1 and 49.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB 1121 increased nitrogen content in white clover shoots by 49.2%.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense3
- Treatment
- inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolatese3
- Interactor
- CHB 1121e4symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen contents in shootse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 49.2%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
e4“CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly enhanced the amount of chlorophyll present in leaves estimated by SPAD readings, increasing nitrogen contents in shoots by 38.1 and 49.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 increased nodule number and nitrogenase activity of white clover compared with BCRC 14266 at 45 and 75 DAP.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense3
- Treatment
- inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolatese3
- Interactor
- CHB 1120 and CHB 1121e5symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule number and nitrogenase activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- at both 45 and 75 DAPe5
- Comparator
- BCRC 14266e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
e5“In comparison with BCRC 14266, CHB 1120 and CHB 1121 significantly increased the nodule number and nitrogenase activity at both 45 and 75 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
The two indigenous strains outperform the exotic strain and the non-inoculated control in promoting nitrogen uptake and growth of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense6
- Treatment
- the two indigenous strainse6
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake and growthe6
- Direction
- outperforme6
- Comparator
- exotic strain and non-inoculated controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“white clover plants were inoculated respectively with two indigenous isolates (CHB 1120 and CHB 1121), BCRC 14266, and a non-inoculated control”
e6“In conclusion, the two indigenous strains significantly outperform the exotic strain and non-inoculated control in promoting nitrogen uptake and growth of white clover”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.