Abstract
This study was carried out to study the effect of safe alternatives as compared to hydrogen cyanamide on breakingdormancy of" Flame seedless" grapevines. The vines were subjected the following spray treatments; control, garlic oil,hydrogen peroxide, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, boric acid and hydrogen cyanamide in the second week of January. Alltreatments except zinc sulphate in the second season had higher bud burst% than control. The results also showed thatcopper sulphate and hydrogen cyanamide applications significantly increased bud burst % than other treatments in bothseasons. In both seasons, hydrogen cyanamide gave higher yield and juice volume than the rest treatments, excepthydrogen peroxide for yield in the second season. Hydrogen cyanamide and zinc sulphate applications increased clusterweight in the second season only. Weight and size of 100 berries were significantly increased by copper and zinc sulphateand hydrogen cyanamide. In the first season, copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide treatments increased berry lengthand diameter. On the other hand, the results showed that there were non significant differences among tested treatmentsconcerning berry length and diameter in the second season and L/D ratio in both seasons. In the first season, the highestpercentage of T.S.S was obtained by vines sprayed with garlic oil. In the second season, T.S.S% was not affected bydifferent applications. Data showed that zinc, copper sulphate and garlic oil significantly decreased acidity in the secondseason. The results in both seasons indicated that garlic oil, copper and zinc sulphate applications lead to increaseT.S.S/acid ratio. The data in both seasons indicated that anthocyanin content was increased by garlic oil treatment. In bothseasons, garlic oil and hydrogen cyanamide considerable increased shoot length. Hydrogen peroxide caused increase infruitfulness%, number of clusters and leaves in both seasons. Generally, there were non significant differences amongused treatments concerning peroxidase activity. Catalase activity was highly increased with bud burst which appeared asachromatic zone with high intensity in all treatments, except boric acid in the first season and copper, zinc sulphate andhydrogen cyanamide treatments in the second season.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Most sprays increased bud burst relative to control, with zinc sulphate excepted in season two.
- Treatment
- Alltreatments except zinc sulphate in the second seasone0
- Outcome
- bud burst%e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alltreatments except zinc sulphate in the second season had higher bud burst% than control”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulphate significantly increased bud burst compared with other treatments in both seasons.
- Treatment
- copper sulphatee0
- Outcome
- bud burst %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- bothseasonse0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“copper sulphate and hydrogen cyanamide applications significantly increased bud burst % than other treatments in bothseasons”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide significantly increased bud burst compared with other treatments in both seasons.
- Treatment
- hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- bud burst %e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- bothseasonse0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“copper sulphate and hydrogen cyanamide applications significantly increased bud burst % than other treatments in bothseasons”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide gave higher yield than other treatments, except hydrogen peroxide in season two.
- Treatment
- hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- excepthydrogen peroxide for yield in the second seasone0
- Comparator
- the rest treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen cyanamide gave higher yield and juice volume than the rest treatments, excepthydrogen peroxide for yield in the second season”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide gave higher juice volume than the other treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen cyanamide gave higher yield and juice volume than the rest treatments”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide increased cluster weight in season two.
- Treatment
- Hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- clusterweighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- second season onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen cyanamide and zinc sulphate applications increased clusterweight in the second season only”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate increased cluster weight in season two.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen cyanamide and zinc sulphate applications increased clusterweight in the second season only”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulphate significantly increased berry weight and size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weight and size of 100 berries were significantly increased by copper and zinc sulphateand hydrogen cyanamide”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate significantly increased berry weight and size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weight and size of 100 berries were significantly increased by copper and zinc sulphateand hydrogen cyanamide”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide significantly increased berry weight and size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weight and size of 100 berries were significantly increased by copper and zinc sulphateand hydrogen cyanamide”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulphate increased berry length and diameter in season one.
- Treatment
- copper sulphatee0
- Outcome
- berry lengthand diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season, copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide treatments increased berry lengthand diameter”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide increased berry length and diameter in season one.
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- berry lengthand diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season, copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide treatments increased berry lengthand diameter”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry length, diameter and L/D ratio did not differ significantly among treatments in the stated seasons.
- Outcome
- berry length and diameter in the second season and L/D ratio in both seasonse0
- Direction
- non significant differencese0
- Comparator
- tested treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were non significant differences among tested treatmentsconcerning berry length and diameter in the second season and L/D ratio in both seasons”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil gave the highest T.S.S percentage in season one.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first season, the highestpercentage of T.S.S was obtained by vines sprayed with garlic oil”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
T.S.S percentage was unaffected by the applications in season two.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second season, T.S.S% was not affected bydifferent applications”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc, copper sulphate and garlic oil reduced acidity in season two.
- Treatment
- zinc, copper sulphate and garlic oile0
- Outcome
- aciditye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- secondseasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc, copper sulphate and garlic oil significantly decreased acidity in the secondseason”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil, copper and zinc sulphate increased T.S.S/acid ratio in both seasons.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic oil, copper and zinc sulphate applications lead to increaseT.S.S/acid ratio”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil increased anthocyanin content in both seasons.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anthocyanin content was increased by garlic oil treatment”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil and hydrogen cyanamide increased shoot length, while hydrogen peroxide increased fruitfulness, clusters and leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic oil and hydrogen cyanamide considerable increased shoot length. Hydrogen peroxide caused increase infruitfulness%, number of clusters and leaves in both seasons”
t0“grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity did not differ significantly among treatments; catalase rose with bud burst except in specified treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were non significant differences amongused treatments concerning peroxidase activity. Catalase activity was highly increased with bud burst which appeared asachromatic zone with high intensity in all treatments, except boric acid in the first season and copper, zinc sulphate andhydrogen cyanamide treatments in the second season”
t0“grapevines”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · VitisResults differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →sulfate · growth · VitisPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
cyanamide · yield · VitisPositive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →cyanamide · phenology · VitisPositive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →sulfate · quality: sugar starch · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc sulfate · phenology · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
copper atom · quality: sugar starch · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
hydrogen peroxide · growth · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.