Abstract
Abstract Background Exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) could improve leaf defense system activity. In order to better understand the regulation mechanism of exogenous 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) on waterlogged summer maize, three treatments including control (CK), waterlogging at the third leaf stage for 6 days (V3–6), and application of 100 mg dm − 3 6-BA after waterlogging for 6 days (V3–6-B), were employed using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material. We used a labeling liquid chromatography-based quantitative proteomics approach with tandem mass tags to determine the changes in leaf protein abundance level at the tasseling stage. Results Waterlogging significantly hindered plant growth and decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT. In addition, the activity of LOX was significantly increased after waterlogging. As a result, the content of MDA and H 2 O 2 was significantly increased which incurred serious damages on cell membrane and cellular metabolism of summer maize. And, the leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield were significantly decreased by waterlogging. However, application of 6-BA effectively mitigated these adverse effects induced by waterlogging. Compared with V3–6, SOD, POD and CAT activity of V3–6-B were increased by 6.9, 12.4, and 18.5%, LOX were decreased by 13.6%. As a consequence, the contents of MDA and H 2 O 2 in V3–6-B were decreased by 22.1 and 17.2%, respectively, compared to that of V3–6. In addition, the leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield were significantly increased by application of 6-BA. Based on proteomics profiling, the proteins involved in protein metabolism, ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism were significantly regulated by 6-BA, which suggested that application of 6-BA exaggerated the defensive response of summer maize at proteomic level. Conclusions These results demonstrated that 6-BA had contrastive effects on waterlogged summer maize. By regulating key proteins related to ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism, 6-BA effectively increased the defense system activity of waterlogged summer maize, then balanced the protein metabolism and improved the plant physiological traits and grain yield.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging hindered plant growth of summer maize compared with control.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three treatments including control (CK), waterlogging at the third leaf stage for 6 days (V3–6)”
e1“Waterlogging significantly hindered plant growth and decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in summer maize leaves.
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- activities of SOD, POD and CATe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three treatments including control (CK), waterlogging at the third leaf stage for 6 days (V3–6)”
e1“Waterlogging significantly hindered plant growth and decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased LOX activity in summer maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In addition, the activity of LOX was significantly increased after waterlogging”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased MDA and H2O2 contents in summer maize.
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- content of MDA and H 2 O 2e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three treatments including control (CK), waterlogging at the third leaf stage for 6 days (V3–6)”
e1“Waterlogging significantly hindered plant growth and decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT”
e3“the content of MDA and H 2 O 2 was significantly increased which incurred serious damages on cell membrane and cellular metabolism of summer maize”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging caused serious damage to cell membranes and cellular metabolism of summer maize.
- Outcome
- serious damages on cell membrane and cellular metabolisme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the content of MDA and H 2 O 2 was significantly increased which incurred serious damages on cell membrane and cellular metabolism of summer maize”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging decreased leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield of summer maize.
- Treatment
- waterlogginge4
- Outcome
- leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three treatments including control (CK), waterlogging at the third leaf stage for 6 days (V3–6)”
e4“the leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield were significantly decreased by waterlogging”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 6-BA increased SOD activity by 6.9% relative to waterlogging alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Compared with V3–6, SOD, POD and CAT activity of V3–6-B were increased by 6.9, 12.4, and 18.5%, LOX were decreased by 13.6%”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 6-BA increased POD activity by 12.4% relative to waterlogging alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Compared with V3–6, SOD, POD and CAT activity of V3–6-B were increased by 6.9, 12.4, and 18.5%, LOX were decreased by 13.6%”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 6-BA increased CAT activity by 18.5% relative to waterlogging alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Compared with V3–6, SOD, POD and CAT activity of V3–6-B were increased by 6.9, 12.4, and 18.5%, LOX were decreased by 13.6%”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 6-BA decreased LOX activity by 13.6% relative to waterlogging alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Compared with V3–6, SOD, POD and CAT activity of V3–6-B were increased by 6.9, 12.4, and 18.5%, LOX were decreased by 13.6%”
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 6-BA decreased MDA content by 22.1% relative to waterlogging alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
e7“the contents of MDA and H 2 O 2 in V3–6-B were decreased by 22.1 and 17.2%, respectively, compared to that of V3–6”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 6-BA decreased H2O2 content by 17.2% relative to waterlogging alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
e7“the contents of MDA and H 2 O 2 in V3–6-B were decreased by 22.1 and 17.2%, respectively, compared to that of V3–6”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 6-BA increased leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield of summer maize.
- Treatment
- application of 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
e0“In addition, the leaf emergence rate, plant height and grain yield were significantly increased by application of 6-BA”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA significantly regulated proteins involved in protein metabolism, ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism.
- Treatment
- 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- proteins involved in protein metabolism, ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
e0“the proteins involved in protein metabolism, ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism were significantly regulated by 6-BA, which suggested that application of 6-BA exaggerated the defensive response of summer maize at proteomic level”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 6-BA exaggerated the defensive response of summer maize at proteomic level.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
e0“the proteins involved in protein metabolism, ROS scavenging and fatty acid metabolism were significantly regulated by 6-BA, which suggested that application of 6-BA exaggerated the defensive response of summer maize at proteomic level”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 6-BA mitigated the adverse effects induced by waterlogging in summer maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“using summer maize hybrid DengHai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material”
e0“However, application of 6-BA effectively mitigated these adverse effects induced by waterlogging”
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